In recent years, the study of the influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment has attracted much interest as nanotechnology is becoming the key technology of the future generation. The comparative studies on the effects of macro- and nanosized copper oxide (CuO) on plants rarely cover the state and behaviour of CuO in the soil–plant system. This work considers the transformation of CuO in Haplic Chernozem depending on the degree of dispersion and its toxic effects on spring barley (Hordeum sativum) growth. To investigate the transformation of the studied particles of metal oxide in the soil and plant, both chemical method of analysis and synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) were used. It was shown that CuO NPs underwent a stronger transformation due to the high reactivity of smaller particles. The Cu mobility was observed to increase within the soil profile as confirmed by the model pollution experiment. This is mainly due to the formation of complex forms of metal with organic matter. A dose of 300 mg/kg of macro- and nanosized CuO did not significantly affect the development and productivity of spring barley. The effect of high doses of macro- and nanosized CuO (2000 and 10,000 mg/kg) had a negative impact on the growth of spring barley. The application of nanosized CuO had a greater toxic effect than the macrosized CuO on the plants. The XANES and EXAFS data revealed that CuO NPs accumulated in the soil and plants. The linear combination fit shown that Cu atoms, incorporated into the plants, have environment typical of CuO. This indicates a high environmental risk when soil is contaminated with CuO NPs compared with its arrival as CuO.

近年来，随着纳米技术成为下一代的关键技术，对纳米颗粒（NPs）对环境的影响的研究引起了人们的极大兴趣。宏观和纳米级氧化铜（CuO）对植物的影响的比较研究很少涵盖土壤-植物系统中CuO的状态和行为。这项工作考虑到CuO在Haplic Chernozem中的转化取决于分散程度及其对春季大麦（Hordeum sativum）的毒性作用。） 生长。为了研究研究过的金属氧化物在土壤和植物中的转化，化学分析方法和同步辐射X射线粉末衍射，X射线吸收近边缘结构光谱（XANES）和X射线吸收精细分析使用结构光谱法（EXAFS）。结果表明，由于较小颗粒的高反应性，CuO NPs发生了更强的转化。如模型污染实验所证实的，在土壤剖面内观察到了铜迁移率的增加。这主要是由于金属与有机物形成了复杂的形式。300 mg / kg的宏观和纳米CuO剂量并未显着影响春spring米的发育和生产力。大剂量和大剂量CuO的影响（2000和10，000 mg / kg）对大麦的生长有不利影响。纳米尺寸的氧化铜对植物的毒害作用大于大尺寸的氧化铜。XANES和EXAFS数据表明，CuO NPs在土壤和植物中积累。线性组合拟合表明，结合到植物中的Cu原子具有典型的CuO环境。这表明，当土壤被CuO NPs污染时，与以CuO形式进入土壤相比，存在较高的环境风险。