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Evaluating European directives impacts on residential buildings' energy performance: a case study of Spanish detached houses
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s10098-021-02047-6
Juan Carlos Ríos-Fernández , Juan M. González-Caballín , Andrés Meana-Fernández , María José Suárez López , Antonio José Gutiérrez-Trashorras

Abstract

Spain has a high level of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in detached houses, being the lack of an adequate insulation level and efficient energy systems the main causes. The Spanish Government has been performing modifications on its Building Technical Code (BTC) to address this issue, following European Directives. An assessment of the development of the Spanish BTC from its first 2006 version has been conducted in this work. A standard Spanish detached house was placed in the different Spanish climatic zones, designed with the minimum requirements of the 2006 and 2013 BTCs, and was then analyzed using the software Cerma. The results show that energy demand is reduced and the energy rating is improved with the stricter requirements introduced in the 2013 BTC. Although energy demand and CO2 emissions vary significantly among the 13 different climatic zones studied, the BTC modifications allow to reach a minimum energy rating independently of the climatic zone where the house is located. Opaque enclosures and internal loads were found to be the main contributors to building-related emissions. Additionally, possible actions to improve energy rating in detached houses are evaluated, finding that a moderate insulation thickness increase and the installation of heat pumps allow to reach the highest energy rating, being the improvement more apparent in northern and central regions. The results of this work may be extrapolated to other countries with similar climatic conditions to the studied zones, providing guidelines to fulfill energy saving regulations, evaluate emission sources and improve building energy efficiency.

Graphic abstract



中文翻译:

评估欧洲指令对住宅建筑能源性能的影响:以西班牙独立式住宅为例

摘要

西班牙的独立式住宅中的能源消耗和CO 2排放水平很高,这是缺乏足够的绝缘水平和有效的能源系统的主要原因。西班牙政府一直按照欧洲指令对其建筑技术规范(BTC)进行修改,以解决此问题。这项工作已经对西班牙BTC从2006年第一版开始的发展进行了评估。将标准的西班牙独立式住宅放置在不同的西班牙气候区中,以2006和2013 BTC的最低要求进行设计,然后使用Cerma软件进行分析。结果表明,随着2013 BTC中引入的更严格的要求,能源需求减少,能源额定值得到提高。虽然能源需求和CO 2在所研究的13个不同气候区中,排放量差异很大,BTC的修改允许达到最低能量等级,而与房屋所在的气候区无关。不透明的外壳和内部负载被发现是与建筑相关的排放的主要来源。此外,评估了改善独立式住宅的能量等级的可能措施,发现适度的隔热厚度增加以及热泵的安装可以达到最高能量等级,这种改善在北部和中部地区更为明显。这项工作的结果可以推断到气候条件与研究区域相似的其他国家/地区,提供满足节能法规,评估排放源和提高建筑能效的指南。

图形摘要

更新日期:2021-02-21
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