With the rapid growth of people’s demand for communication speed and capacity, optical communication technology has developed vigorously with its advantages of high transmission rate, large capacity and low power consumption. In order to increase transmission capacity and bandwidth, multiple multiplexing technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), polarization division multiplexing (PDM) have been widely studied. However, there is a capacity crisis in standard single-mode optical fibers. Mode division Multiplexing (MDM) technology is considered to be an effective way to solve the capacity crisis because it can keep the bandwidth of a single transceiver constant and effectively increase the total transmission capacity. Data exchange is an important function in optical communication system, which can effectively increase the flexibility of the network. However, the data exchange function in MDM system is rarely reported. In this paper, data exchange technologies in MDM networks are studied in detail, including OAM mode exchange based on optical devices and spatial light modulator (SLM), and TE mode exchange based on asymmetric directional coupler (ADC), micro-ring resonator (MRR) and Y-waveguides. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of each mode switching technology are analyzed and discussed in detail.

随着人们对通信速度和容量需求的快速增长，光通信技术以其高传输速率、大容量、低功耗的优势得到了蓬勃发展。为了增加传输容量和带宽，波分复用（WDM）、时分复用（TDM）、偏振分复用（PDM）等多重复用技术得到了广泛的研究。然而，标准单模光纤存在容量危机。模分复用（MDM）技术被认为是解决容量危机的有效途径，因为它可以保持单个收发器的带宽恒定，有效地增加总传输容量。数据交换是光通信系统中的一项重要功能，可以有效增加网络的灵活性。然而，MDM系统中的数据交换功能却鲜有报道。本文详细研究了MDM网络中的数据交换技术，包括基于光器件和空间光调制器（SLM）的OAM模式交换，以及基于非对称定向耦合器（ADC）、微环谐振器（MRR）的TE模式交换。 ) 和 Y 波导。对每种模式切换技术的原理、优缺点进行了详细的分析和讨论。基于非对称定向耦合器 (ADC)、微环谐振器 (MRR) 和 Y 波导的 TE 模式交换。对每种模式切换技术的原理、优缺点进行了详细的分析和讨论。基于非对称定向耦合器 (ADC)、微环谐振器 (MRR) 和 Y 波导的 TE 模式交换。对每种模式切换技术的原理、优缺点进行了详细的分析和讨论。