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The Formation of Supermassive Black Holes at Early Universe
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-02-20 , DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/658/1/012032
Zhi Cao 1
Affiliation  

The high-redshift universe is now the frontier of modern astronomy, and is the key object for current and near-future telescopes. The high-redshift quasars put a tight constraint on existing BH growth model, as it is challenging to form a 1010 M BH at z∼6.

In this work, we relax the widely-adopted Salpeter BH growth model, to consider a more realistic path. We consider the variation in the mass and angular momentum orientation of gas supply (i.e. through ∊L and n), as well as the change in accretion mode (hot versus cold). Moreover, the conventionally considered BH spin impact on the radiative efficiency ∊M is also taken into account. Our key results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, sufficient gas supply (larger in ∊L) is obviously a key factor to make the BH grow efficiently. Also, The BH spin (a*), through the radiative efficiency ∊M, has a dominant impact on the BH growth, i.e., those high-redshift quasars with MBH > 1010 M should be formed in a chaotic gas supply situation, where the angular momentum orientation of the gas is random. Finally, through analyzing the most realistic accretion model, we find that the only existing model of seed BH is through the direct collapse, driven by either dynamical processes or thermodynamics



中文翻译:

早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞的形成

高红移宇宙现在是现代天文学的前沿,是当前和近期望远镜的关键对象。高红移类星体对现有 BH 增长模型施加了严格的限制,因为在 z∼6 处形成 10 10 M⊙ BH具有挑战性。

在这项工作中,我们放宽了广泛采用的 Salpeter BH 增长模型,以考虑更现实的路径。我们考虑气体供应的质量和角动量方向的变化(即通过∊ L和 n),以及吸积模式的变化(热与冷)。此外,还考虑了传统上考虑的 BH 自旋对辐射效率 ∊ M的影响。我们的主要结果可以总结如下。首先,充足的供气(∊ L较大)显然是使 BH 高效生长的关键因素。此外,BH 自旋 (a * ) 通过辐射效率 ∊ M对 BH 的增长具有主要影响,即 M BH > 10的那些高红移类星体10 M⊙应在供气混乱的情况下形成,其中气体的角动量方向是随机的最后,通过分析最现实的吸积模型,我们发现种子 BH 唯一存在的模型是通过直接塌缩,由动力学过程或热力学驱动

更新日期:2021-02-20
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