Abstract In Udmurt, a Uralic language that has experienced long and extensive contact with the dominant Russian language, all four typologically relevant strategies of verbal borrowing are attested: direct and indirect insertion, light verbs, and paradigm insertion. This is unusual both cross-linguistically and for the Uralic family. The paper investigates these strategies and the factors that govern the choice between them. It turns out that, although free variation plays a major role in the distribution of strategies, there are also several important morphological, stylistic and areal factors. By analyzing these factors and the available historical data, I propose a diachronic explanation of the currently observed distribution. The study is mostly based on corpus data collected from contemporary Udmurt-language social media.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯乌德穆尔特语的口头借款

摘要在乌拉尔语Udmurt中，乌拉尔语已经与俄罗斯的主要语言进行了长期而广泛的接触，证明了口头借用的四种与类型学相关的策略：直接和间接插入，轻动词和范式插入。无论是在语言上还是在乌拉尔族，这都是不寻常的。本文研究了这些策略以及决定它们之间选择的因素。事实证明，尽管自由变体在策略分配中起主要作用，但也存在一些重要的形态，风格和区域因素。通过分析这些因素和可用的历史数据，我提出了对当前观察到的分布的历时解释。该研究主要基于从当代乌德穆尔特语社交媒体收集的语料库数据。