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Britain's Biggest Wartime Stoppage: The Origins of the Engineering Strike of May 1917
History Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1111/1468-229x.12970
DAVID STEVENSON 1
Affiliation  

This article re‐examines the causes of the May 1917 engineering strike, the biggest strike in Britain during the First World War. Besides official files, it uses private papers and the records of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers. The stoppage began in sympathy with sacked employees at Tweedale & Smalley in Rochdale, who were resisting the spread of ‘dilution’ (replacing skilled by unskilled workers) from military contracts to private and commercial work. A second major issue was the government's replacement of the ‘trade card’ scheme protecting skilled engineers from military service. These issues would have been easier to resolve had it not been for underlying war weariness and falling real earnings, as well as uncertainty over whether skilled men could regain their pre‐1914 employment privileges. The strike was unofficial, and would not have spread so far and fast without local leadership from shop stewards, though this later proved a source of weakness. None the less, although the strike initially seemed a failure, it frightened the government and elicited major concessions. In part this was because Prime Minister David Lloyd George accepted that he must combine repression with the alleviation of legitimate grievances.

中文翻译:

英国最大的战时停工:1917 年 5 月工程罢工的起源

本文重新审视了 1917 年 5 月工程罢工的原因,这是第一次世界大战期间英国最大的罢工。除了官方文件,它使用私人文件和工程师联合协会的记录。停工始于对罗奇代尔 Tweedale & Smalley 被解雇员工的同情,他们抵制从军事合同到私人和商业工作的“稀释”(用非熟练工人取代熟练工人)的蔓延。第二个主要问题是政府取代了保护熟练工程师免于服兵役的“交易卡”计划。如果不是因为潜在的战争厌倦和实际收入下降,以及技术人员能否重新获得 1914 年之前的就业特权的不确定性,这些问题本来会更容易解决。罢工是非正式的,如果没有来自车间服务员的当地领导,就不会传播得如此之快,尽管后来证明这是弱点的根源。尽管如此,尽管罢工最初似乎失败了,但它吓坏了政府并引起了重大让步。部分原因是大卫·劳合·乔治总理承认他必须将镇压与减轻合法不满结合起来。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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