Prague university scholars found ten questions (six quaestiones and four probleumata) of medieval meteorology remarkable enough to include them in the agenda of annual ceremonial disputations de quolibet between 1399 and 1417. The disputations resembled rhetoric tournaments where masters of the Faculty of Arts fought with each other using their polemics about scientific and political issues of the time. The six enticing quaestiones mostly concerned topics which were not sufficiently addressed by Aristotle, although they had been discussed extensively since antiquity. Above all, they concerned aspects of optical phaenomena (meteors, comets, halo effect, rainbow). The so-called probleumata, simple topics added to the quaestiones to entertain and refresh the audience, will also be discussed; unlike quaestiones, probleumata rarely referred directly to Aristotle’s work. The present study examines to what extent the sources for quodlibet disputations represent relevant material for the study of the reception of meteorology in medieval education.

中文翻译：

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作为中世纪学术讨论主题的月球现象：气象学和布拉格大学争论


布拉格大学的学者发现了 10 道中世纪气象学问题（6 道问题和 4 道问题），足以将它们列入 1399 年至 1417 年间年度礼仪争论的议程。这些争论类似于修辞比赛，艺术学院的大师们与每一道题进行较量其他使用他们关于当时科学和政治问题的论战。这六个引人入胜的问题主要涉及亚里士多德没有充分解决的主题，尽管自古以来就对其进行了广泛的讨论。最重要的是，它们涉及光学现象（流星、彗星、光晕效应、彩虹）的各个方面。也将讨论所谓的问题，即添加到问题中以娱乐和提神的简单话题；与问题不同，problemata 很少直接提到亚里士多德的工作。本研究考察了 quodlibet 争论的来源在多大程度上代表了中世纪教育中气象学接受研究的相关材料。