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Models of Organic Organization in Montpellier Vitalism

Early Science and Medicine ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-07 , DOI: 10.1163/15733823-02223p06
Charles T. Wolfe 1
Affiliation  

The species of vitalism discussed here is a malleable construct, often with a poisonous reputation (but one which I want to rehabilitate), hovering in between the realms of the philosophy of biology, the history of medicine, and the scientific background of the Radical Enlightenment (case in point, the influence of vitalist medicine on Diderot). This is a more vital vitalism, or at least a more ‘biologistic,’ ‘embodied,’ medicalized vitalism. I distinguish between what I would call ‘substantival’ and ‘functional’ forms of vitalism, as applied to the eighteenth century. Substantival vitalism presupposes the existence of something like a (substantive) vital force which either plays a causal role in the natural world as studied by scientific means, or remains a kind of hovering, extra-causal entity. Functional vitalism tends to operate “post facto,” from the existence of living bodies to the desire to find explanatory models that will do justice to their uniquely ‘vital’ properties in a way that fully mechanistic models (such as Cartesian mechanism) cannot. I discuss some representative figures of the Montpellier school as being functional rather than substantival vitalists, particularly as regards the models of organic organization which they develop, and make some suggestions as to how these relate to the then-nascent science of biology.

中文翻译:

蒙彼利埃活力论中的有机组织模型


这里讨论的活力论种类是一种可塑的结构,通常带有恶名(但我想恢复它),徘徊在生物学哲学、医学史和激进启蒙运动的科学背景之间(例如,活力医学对狄德罗的影响)。这是一种更具活力的活力论,或者至少是一种更“生物学”、“具身化”、医学化的活力主义。我区分了我称之为“实质”和“功能”形式的活力论,适用于 18 世纪。实体活力论预设了某种(实体)生命力之类的东西的存在,它要么在科学方法研究的自然界中发挥因果作用,要么仍然是一种徘徊的、超因果的实体。功能性活力论倾向于“事后,”从活体的存在到希望找到解释模型,以完全机械模型(例如笛卡尔机制)无法做到的方式对其独特的“重要”属性进行公正处理。我将蒙彼利埃学派的一些代表性人物讨论为功能性的而不是实质的活力论者,特别是关于他们开发的有机组织模型,并就这些模型与当时新兴的生物学科学有何关系提出了一些建议。
更新日期:2017-06-07
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