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Tlacaelel Remembered: Mastermind of the Aztec Empire by Susan Schroeder, and: Annals of Native America: How the Nahuas of Colonial Mexico Kept Their History Alive by Camilla Townsend
Journal of World History Pub Date : 2018-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2018.0025
Susan Kellogg

The books under review represent the dominant contemporary approach to ethnohistorical studies of the Basin of Mexico region of Mesoamerica and its largest indigenous population, “Nahuas.” Many readers will know that conglomeration of linguistically and culturally related peoples as “Aztecs.” After briefly discussing nomenclature, I describe and evaluate both books in light of that approach, the New Philology, and ask what readers interested in indigenous studies, conquest, and colonialism in other parts of the world might take away from these books. The term “Aztecs” has been used since the nineteenth century to describe related ethnicities in central Mexico in the two centuries before Europeans arrived who spoke the Nahuatl language; the conquest-based empire created by three predominant ethnicities (Mexica of Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoca of Tetzcoco, and Tepaneca of Tlacopan); or the Mexica of Tenochtitlan and its sister-island city of Tlatelolco. Many ethnohistorians, especially those whose research covers the colonial period, prefer the term “Nahua,” popularized by James Lockhart, referring to Nahuatl-speaking peoples of the basin region and beyond. Here I use the term “Nahua” in that broad sense and particular ethnonyms for specific ethnicities, which were often coterminous with kingdoms (or city-states) with urban centers and dispersed surrounding populations. Such units were called altepetl, headed by a supreme ruler or tlatoani and constituted key political centers in late preconquest central Mexico. Hernan Cortés and his followers conquered the largest such altepetl, Tenochtitlan, the huey or “great” altepetl in 1519, bigger and more powerful than any other. Susan Schroeder describes how Tenochtitlan came to have great political power by narrating the history of its ruling dynasty through the story of a key political figure

中文翻译:

Tlacaelel 记得:阿兹特克帝国的策划者苏珊施罗德,和:美洲原住民年鉴:墨西哥殖民地的纳瓦人如何保持他们的历史鲜活,卡米拉汤森

正在审查的书籍代表了当代对中美洲墨西哥盆地地区及其最大的土著人口“纳瓦人”进行民族历史研究的主要方法。许多读者会知道,语言和文化相关的民族的聚集体被称为“阿兹特克人”。在简要讨论了命名法之后,我根据新语言学这一方法对这两本书进行了描述和评估,并询问对世界其他地区的土著研究、征服和殖民主义感兴趣的读者可能会从这些书中学到什么。“阿兹特克人”这个词自 19 世纪以来就被用来描述在欧洲人到来之前的两个世纪里墨西哥中部的相关种族,他们说纳瓦特尔语。由三个主要种族(特诺奇蒂特兰的墨西哥人、泰茨科科的泰茨科卡、和特拉科潘的特帕内卡);或特诺奇蒂特兰的墨西哥及其姊妹岛城市特拉特洛尔科。许多民族史学家,尤其是那些研究涵盖殖民时期的民族史学家,更喜欢由詹姆斯·洛克哈特 (James Lockhart) 推广的“纳瓦语”一词,指的是盆地地区及其他地区使用纳瓦特尔语的民族。在这里,我使用广义上的“Nahua”一词,并使用特定种族的特定民族名称,这些民族通常与具有城市中心和分散的周围人口的王国(或城邦)相连。这些单位被称为 altepetl,由至高无上的统治者或 tlatoani 领导,并构成了征服前墨西哥中部晚期的重要政治中心。Hernan Cortés 和他的追随者在 1519 年征服了最大的这样的 altepetl,Tenochtitlan,huey 或“伟大的”altepetl,比其他任何地方都更大、更强大。
更新日期:2018-01-01
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