Xing Hang’s Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia is one of the most comprehensive examinations of the Zheng family and their organization at the height of their power. The Zheng family was the head of an organization with a diverse membership that regularly engaged in large-scale commercial, criminal, diplomatic, and military actions. Through these activities, the organization gained the power to assert itself on the global scale in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, challenging existing powers ranging from the Qing rulers to the Dutch East India Company, also known as the VOC. Due to its power and influence in a key part of the world during a major period of political and economic expansion, studying the Zheng family can provide key insights into how those processes unfolded. Just as the Zheng organization defied categorization by acting as criminals, merchants, soldiers, and rulers, so too can Conflict and Commerce in Maritime East Asia be hard to describe because of the range of topics it covers. Hang makes a great contribution to the field of world history by covering in great detail and with a variety of sources how the Zheng organization fit into a global story of increased state-building and international commerce. One of Hang’s goals is to bridge what he sees as several historiographical gaps in the historical discourse about the Zheng

中文翻译：

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海上东亚的冲突与商业：郑氏家族与现代世界的塑造，c。邢航 1620–1720

邢航的《海上东亚纷争》是对郑氏家族及其组织在权势鼎盛时期进行的最全面的考察之一。郑家是一个成员多元化的组织的首领，经常参与大规模的商业、犯罪、外交和军事行动。通过这些活动，该组织在明末清初获得了在全球范围内维护自己的权力，挑战了从清朝统治者到荷兰东印度公司（也称为 VOC）的现有权力。由于其在政治和经济扩张的重要时期在世界关键地区的权力和影响力，研究郑氏家族可以提供有关这些过程如何展开的关键见解。正如郑氏组织通过充当罪犯、商人、士兵和统治者来挑战分类一样，《东亚海上的冲突与商业》也因其涵盖的主题范围而难以描述。杭为世界历史领域做出了巨大贡献，他详细介绍了郑氏组织如何融入国家建设和国际商业日益增长的全球故事。杭的目标之一是弥合他所认为的关于郑的历史话语中的几个史学鸿沟。杭为世界历史领域做出了巨大贡献，他详细介绍了郑氏组织如何融入国家建设和国际商业日益增长的全球故事。杭的目标之一是弥合他所认为的关于郑的历史话语中的几个史学鸿沟。杭为世界历史领域做出了巨大贡献，他详细介绍了郑氏组织如何融入国家建设和国际商业日益增长的全球故事。杭的目标之一是弥合他所认为的关于郑的历史论述中的几个史学鸿沟。