Abstract:Fats extracted from plants and animals are an important and understudied part of the industrialization of the "global North" in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Demand for soap, lamp oil, candles, lubricants, and other products drove European and American efforts to extract fats from animals across the continents and oceans, and by the late nineteenth century a proportion of this fat entered the North's food supply. Simultaneously, demand for edible and industrial fats appeared to be outstripping supplies. Plants emerged as an important source of fat in this period, as new technologies allowed plant fats to be transformed into more versatile and edible products. The transition to plant fats represented an important move down the food chain for Northern consumers, allowing for the efficient use of existing resources, as well as contributing to the ongoing extraction of raw materials from the tropics.

中文翻译：

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石油繁荣：农业、化学和全球植物脂肪产业的兴起，约。1850-1920 年

摘要：从动植物中提取的脂肪是 19 世纪和 20 世纪“全球北方”工业化的重要组成部分。对肥皂、灯油、蜡烛、润滑剂和其他产品的需求推动了欧洲和美国从各大洲和海洋中提取动物脂肪的努力，到 19 世纪后期，这种脂肪的一部分进入了北方的食品供应。同时，对食用脂肪和工业脂肪的需求似乎超过了供应。在这一时期，植物成为重要的脂肪来源，因为新技术使植物脂肪能够转化为更多用途和可食用的产品。向植物脂肪的过渡代表了北方消费者在食物链下游的重要举措，允许有效利用现有资源，