In 2013, Germany celebrated the bicentennial of the so-called Wars of Liberation of 1813–15. These wars were the culmination of the Prussian and German struggle against Napoleon between 1806 and 1815, which occupied a key position in both German national historiography and memory. Although these confl icts have been analyzed in thousands of books and articles, much of the focus has been on the military campaigns and alliances, emerging sovereign states and reform movements and early articulations of modern nationalism. Karen Hagemann argues that we cannot achieve a comprehensive understanding of these wars and their importance in collective memory without recognizing how the interaction of politics, culture and gender infl uenced these historical events and continues to shape later recollections of them. She thus explores the highly contested discourses and symbolic practices by which individuals and groups interpreted these wars and made political claims, starting in the period itself and ending with the centenary in 1913.

中文翻译：

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重温普鲁士对拿破仑的战争：历史、文化和记忆。作者：凯伦·哈格曼。帕梅拉·塞尔温翻译。纽约：剑桥大学出版社，2015 年。Pp。xiv + 483。纸 $35.99。ISBN 978-0521152303。

2013 年，德国庆祝了所谓的 1813-15 年解放战争二百周年。这些战争是 1806 年至 1815 年普鲁士和德国对抗拿破仑的高潮，在德国国家史学和记忆中都占据了重要位置。尽管这些冲突在数以千计的书籍和文章中进行了分析，但大部分焦点都集中在军事行动和联盟、新兴主权国家和改革运动以及现代民族主义的早期表达上。凯伦·哈格曼 (Karen Hagemann) 认为，如果不认识到政治、文化和性别的相互作用如何影响这些历史事件并继续影响后来对它们的回忆，我们就无法全面了解这些战争及其在集体记忆中的重要性。