Abstract:In the last decades of the nineteenth century, La Réunion, which had barely overcome a serious sugar production crisis, found itself deprived of its only source of foreign laborers. In effect, the denunciation of the Franco-British Convention by the English government in 1882 compromised the recruitment of hired laborers of Indian origin. Disconcerted, the planters of La Réunion once again put forward the idea, which had never been abandoned, of an official return of African immigration. The closure of the slave markets of Zanzibar and the abolition of slavery in the Portuguese colonies necessarily required new methods of recruitment. The renewal of African indenture in 1887 was subordinated to the establishment of a Franco-Portuguese accord, and benefited from revised legislation. Ephemeral and of minor importance, African immigration did not fill the void left by the Indians. Competing with the recruitment of other foreign powers, the Réunionnais were unable to enlist sufficient numbers of workers. In contrast with their predecessors in the 1850s, the majority of hired Africans who arrived at the end of the nineteenth century were free Portuguese subjects. Their stay on the island was of short duration and they requested, en masse, their repatriation. The planters thereby ceased, permanently, their recruitment efforts in East Africa at the beginning of the twentieth century and progressively resorted to the use of a local work force.

中文翻译：

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非洲移民局，留尼汪岛，沙特阿拉伯和其他国家和地区之间的关系：自由行事的特征

摘要：在十九世纪的最后几十年，留尼汪岛几乎没有克服严重的制糖危机，却被剥夺了唯一的外来劳工来源。实际上，英国政府在1882年退出了《法英公约》，这不利于招募印度裔雇工。留尼汪岛的种植者对此感到con异，再次提出从未被放弃的正式返回非洲移民的想法。桑给巴尔奴隶市场的关闭和葡萄牙殖民地废除了奴隶制必然需要新的招募方法。1887年，非洲契约的更新归功于法国－葡萄牙协议的制定，并受益于修订后的立法。暂时的和次要的，非洲移民没有填补印第安人留下的空白。与招募其他外国大国竞争，里奥尼人无法招募足够数量的工人。与1850年代的前辈相比，到19世纪末到达非洲的大多数受雇非洲人都是自由的葡萄牙人。他们在岛上的逗留时间很短，他们集体要求遣返。因此，在二十世纪初，种植园主永久性地停止了在东非的招聘工作，并逐渐诉诸当地劳动力。到19世纪末到达非洲的大多数受雇非洲人都是免费的葡萄牙人。他们在岛上的逗留时间很短，他们集体要求遣返。因此，在二十世纪初，种植园主永久性地停止了在东非的招聘工作，并逐渐诉诸当地的劳动力。到19世纪末到达非洲的大多数受雇非洲人都是免费的葡萄牙人。他们在岛上的逗留时间很短，他们集体要求遣返。因此，在二十世纪初，种植园主永久性地停止了在东非的招聘工作，并逐渐诉诸当地劳动力。