An extensive literature portrays Harry Bingham, who served as American vice consul in Marseille, France between 1936 and 1941, as the single American diplomat who defied the Department of State’s restrictive policy toward European Jewish refugees. However, empirical evidence does not always support what many now assume about Bingham’s efforts. Examining Bingham’s personnel file and his career at the Department of State, this article improves our understanding of what Bingham did for Jewish and intellectual refugees.

中文翻译：

---

美国领事与马赛救援政治，1936-1941年

大量文献描述了哈里·宾厄姆（Harry Bingham），他是1936年至1941年间在法国马赛担任美国副领事的人，是唯一反对美国国务院对欧洲犹太难民实施限制性政策的美国外交官。但是，经验证据并不总是支持现在许多人对宾厄姆所做努力的假设。通过检查宾厄姆的人事档案和他在美国国务院的职业生涯，本文可以增进我们对宾厄姆为犹太难民和知识型难民所做的工作的了解。