Soviet Union, Henning Pieper (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 250 pp., hardcover $95.00, paperback $90.00, electronic version available. The role of the SS Cavalry Brigade in the mass slaughter of Jews has been studied by Ruth Bettina Birn and Martin Cüppers in works examining the Kommandostab Reichsfüher-SS, and in my own book on the Equestrian SS. Fegelein’s Horsemen and Genocidal Warfare offers the first detailed study in English of the SS Cavalry Brigade as both an instrument of genocide and a combat unit in the occupied Soviet lands. Its dual role made the SS Cavalry Brigade unique. Its ideological function places it alongside the Einsatzgruppen and Order Police battalions that conducted bloodbaths in the East. Unlike those formations, however, the SS cavalry also fought in the Waffen-SS against regular Red Army forces. Contextualizing his work among theories and models of perpetrator motives and behavior, Pieper sheds light on the factors that shaped the unit’s actions and gave it a leading role in the “Holocaust by bullets.” Pieper traces the history of the SS Cavalry Brigade to the prewar equestrian units of the General-SS. These regiments provided Heinrich Himmler with entrée into rural elite society, and included leaders who would later appear in the SS Cavalry Brigade and other SS organizations. For instance, the 1 Reitersturm’s roster, Pieper declares, “almost reads like a ‘who’s who’ of later SS leadership”; among them was Gustav Lombard, who later commanded the 1 SS Cavalry Regiment and is a key figure in this study (p. 16). The most famous SS rider was the talented show jumper Hermann Fegelein, a devout and ambitious Nazi who became a favorite of Himmler and a highly decorated member of the Waffen-SS. Fegelein led the SS Main Riding School in Munich, a headquarters for SS competition riders and a base for creating an SS cavalry force. Fegelein’s initiative and his close relationship with Himmler resulted in the formation of the future SS Cavalry Brigade for occupation duties in Poland. Pieper regards the implementation of harsh occupation policies by SS cavalry in Poland and the “criminal ambitions of the officers” as essential prerequisites in the brutalization of the men of the mounted unit (p. 26). Without dismissing the role of ideology and other factors, Pieper analyzes the actions of the SS cavalry using Harald Welzer’s “frame of reference” theory to explain the process by which these men became brutalized as they adjusted to each new situation, each one a new frame of reference in a process of progressive brutalization. For instance, the unit’s two years in Poland, a period of intense “military drill, indoctrination, and participation in anti-Jewish and anti-Polish measures,” turned these SS riders into Waffen-SS political soldiers (p. 27). Training was led by ideologically driven and fanatical officers such as Fegelein, who lacked formal officer training, but who possessed a strong sense of honor that fostered unit cohesion, comradeship, and obedience. Men consistently followed orders requiring forced expulsions and executions of members of

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Fegelein的骑兵和种族灭绝战：苏联的SS骑兵旅

苏联，亨宁·皮珀（Henning Pieper）（纽约：帕尔格雷夫·麦克米伦（Palgrave Macmillan），2015年），第250页，精装书$ 95.00，平装书$ 90.00，电子版。露丝·贝蒂娜·比恩（Ruth Bettina Birn）和马丁·库珀斯（MartinCüppers）在检查KommandostabReichsfüher-SS的作品以及我自己关于马术SS的书中都研究了SS骑兵旅在犹太人大规模屠杀中的作用。Fegelein的“骑兵和种族灭绝战争”首次在英语中对SS骑兵旅进行了详细研究，该旅既是种族灭绝的手段，又是被占领的苏联领土上的战斗单位。它的双重作用使SS骑兵旅独树一帜。它的意识形态功能使其与在东部进行血腥屠杀的Einsatzgruppen和Order Police营并肩作战。但是，与那些编队不同，党卫军的骑兵还与常规红军在瓦芬党卫军中作战。皮珀（Piper）将他的工作与行为动机和行为的理论和模型联系起来，揭示了影响该单位行动的因素，并在“子弹大屠杀”中发挥了主导作用。皮耶珀（Piperer）追溯了SS骑兵旅的历史，可追溯到SS战前的马术部队。这些军团为海因里希·希姆勒提供了进入农村精英社会的机会，其中包括后来出现在党卫军骑兵旅和其他党卫组织中的领导人。皮珀（Piper）宣称，例如1 Reitersturm的花名册，“几乎像是后来的SS领导层的“谁”。其中一位是古斯塔夫·伦巴德（Gustav Lombard），他后来指挥了1党骑兵团，并且是这项研究的关键人物（第16页）。最有名的SS骑手是才华横溢的跳台运动员Hermann Fegelein，一位虔诚而雄心勃勃的纳粹党人，他成为希姆勒的最爱，并成为Waffen-SS的高级成员。Fegelein领导了慕尼黑的SS主要骑术学校，这是SS竞赛骑手的总部，也是创建SS骑兵部队的基地。Fegelein的主动行动以及他与Himmler的密切关系导致了未来的SS骑兵旅在波兰的占领任务的形成。彼得将波兰的骑兵骑兵实施严厉的占领政策和“军官的犯罪野心”视为对骑兵部队进行野蛮殴打的必要先决条件（第26页）。在不忽略意识形态和其他因素的作用的情况下，皮珀使用哈拉尔德·韦尔泽（Harald Welzer）的“参考框架”理论分析了SS骑兵的行动，以解释这些人适应新情况时受到残酷对待的过程，每个人在逐步残酷化的过程中都成为新的参考框架。例如，该单位在波兰的两年时间里，经历了一段激烈的“军事演习，灌输和参与反犹太和反波兰措施”，这使这些党卫军骑手变成了党卫军党卫军的政治士兵（第27页）。培训由意识形态驱动和狂热的军官（例如Fegelein）领导，他们虽然没有接受正式军官培训，但拥有强烈的荣誉感，可以促进单位的凝聚力，同志心和服从。男子始终遵循要求强迫驱逐和处决其成员的命令 在逐步残酷化的过程中，每一个都是新的参照系。例如，该单位在波兰的两年时间里，经历了一段激烈的“军事演习，灌输和参与反犹太和反波兰措施”，这使这些党卫军骑手变成了党卫军党卫军的政治士兵（第27页）。培训由意识形态驱动和狂热的军官（例如Fegelein）领导，他们虽然没有接受正式军官培训，但拥有强烈的荣誉感，可以促进单位的凝聚力，同志心和服从。男子始终遵循要求强迫驱逐和处决其成员的命令 在逐步残酷化的过程中，每一个都是新的参照系。例如，该部队在波兰的两年时间里，经历了一段激烈的“军事演习，灌输和参与反犹太和反波兰措施”，这使这些党卫军骑手变成了党卫军党卫军的政治士兵（第27页）。培训由意识形态驱动和狂热的军官（例如Fegelein）领导，他们虽然没有接受过正式的军官训练，但是却拥有很强的荣誉感，可以促进单位的凝聚力，同志心和服从。男子始终遵循要求强迫驱逐和处决其成员的命令 ”将这些党卫军骑手变成了瓦芬党卫军政治士兵（第27页）。培训由意识形态驱动和狂热的军官（例如Fegelein）领导，他们虽然没有接受正式军官培训，但拥有强烈的荣誉感，可以促进单位的凝聚力，同志心和服从。男子始终遵循要求强迫驱逐和处决其成员的命令 ”将这些党卫军骑手变成了瓦芬党卫军政治士兵（第27页）。培训由意识形态驱动和狂热的军官（例如Fegelein）领导，他们虽然没有接受正式军官培训，但拥有强烈的荣誉感，可以促进单位的凝聚力，同志心和服从。男子始终遵循要求强迫驱逐和处决其成员的命令