This study investigates the problem of the natural universal (kullī ṭabīʿī) in the works of Mullā Ṣadrā (d. 1640). The problem of universals made its way into Arabic/Islamic philosophy via its Greek sources, and was transformed into the problem of natural universals by Avicenna. Weighing in on this problem, Ṣadrā reinterprets the nature of natural universals against the backdrop of his doctrine of “the primacy of being.” As he argues, a natural universal or quiddity qua quiddity is an “accidental being” that requireswujūdfor its existentiation. Thus, Ṣadrā re-envisions the status of natural universals by stripping them of their disputed status as independently existing entities.

中文翻译：

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MULLĀṢADRĀ 关于自然宇宙的问题

本研究探讨了自然普遍性的问题（kullī ṭabīʿī) 在 Mullā Ṣadrā (d. 1640) 的作品中。普遍问题通过其希腊资源进入阿拉伯/伊斯兰哲学，并被阿维森纳转化为自然普遍问题。在权衡这个问题时，Ṣadrā 在他的“存在至上”学说的背景下重新解释了自然共相的本质。正如他所说，一个自然的普遍性或 quiddity qua quiddity 是一种“偶然的存在”，它需要乌尤德为它的存在。因此，Ṣadrā 重新设想了自然共相的地位，剥夺了它们作为独立存在实体的有争议的地位。