The twelfth century philosopher-theologian Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī is well known for his critique of Avicennan metaphysics. In this paper, I examine his critique of Avicenna's physics, and in particular his rejection of the Avicennan and Aristotelian theory of place as the inner boundary of a containing body. Instead, Fakhr al-Dīn defends a definition of place as self-subsisting extension, an idea explicitly rejected by Aristotle and Avicenna after him. Especially in his late work, the Maṭālib, Fakhr al-Dīn explores a number of important philosophical issues with reference to this theory of place, including the principle that two indiscernible things (in this case two overlapping extensions) must be identical and the idea that motion and rest are always relative.

中文翻译：

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FAKHR AL-DĪN AL-RĀZĪ ON PLACE

12 世纪的哲学家兼神学家 Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī 因其对阿维森南形而上学的批判而闻名。在这篇论文中，我考察了他对阿维森纳物理学的批评，特别是他对阿维森纳和亚里士多德关于地方作为包容物体内部边界的理论的拒绝。相反，Fakhr al-Dīn 捍卫将地方定义为自给自足的延伸，这一观点在他之后被亚里士多德和阿维森纳明确拒绝。尤其是在他后期的作品中，马塔利卜, Fakhr al-Dīn 参照这一位置理论探讨了许多重要的哲学问题，包括两个不可识别的事物（在这种情况下是两个重叠的扩展）必须相同的原则以及运动和静止总是相对的想法。