Scholars from across the globe recently marked the fiftieth anniversary of Bernard Bailyn’s Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1967). The colloquia were warranted not simply for the work’s longevity, but more importantly, for its capacity to expand our view of American revolutionary thinking beyond the conventional wisdom around colonial class struggles. Generations of scholars have since pushed intellectual boundaries to argue that the drive for American independence was founded, in part, upon reasoning and arguments emanating from beyond the taverns and shores of Boston, Philadelphia, New York, and Charleston. Since Bailyn’s pathbreaking study, however, historians have too often ignored the contemporary developments in Canada, Spanish America, and the West Indies that influenced the early United States. Many books on the Revolution still present a myopic view on the founding story of the United States, particularly the political development of governing institutions. This method relegates existing empires in North America and native peoples who had inhabited the lands for centuries to annoyances that impeded the spread of an American destiny. Recent narratives around the Revolution have attempted to broaden perspectives of that formative period to include more than the pantheon of traditional founding fathers. Even with wonderful works like Mary Beth Norton’s Liberty’s Daughters (1980), T. H. Breen’s The Marketplace of Revolution (2004), and David Brion Davis’s The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution (1975), which highlight the importance of women, commerce, and slavery in the founding of the United States, the literature of the American Revolution seems incessantly tethered to the profiles of George Washington,

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不是你父亲的革命：美国独立国际化

来自世界各地的学者最近庆祝了伯纳德·贝林 (Bernard Bailyn) 的美国革命的意识形态起源 (1967) 五十周年。座谈会不仅是因为这部作品的长寿，更重要的是，它有能力扩大我们对美国革命思想的看法，超越围绕殖民阶级斗争的传统智慧。此后，几代学者不断突破知识界限，认为美国独立的动力部分是建立在波士顿、费城、纽约和查尔斯顿的酒馆和海岸之外的推理和论点之上。然而，自从拜林开创性的研究以来，历史学家往往忽视了影响早期美国的加拿大、西班牙美洲和西印度群岛的当代发展。许多关于革命的书籍仍然对美国的建国故事，特别是治理机构的政治发展提出了短视的看法。这种方法将北美现有的帝国和在这片土地上居住了几个世纪的土著人民贬低为阻碍美国命运传播的烦恼。最近关于革命的叙述试图拓宽那个形成时期的视角，以包括更多的传统开国元勋。即使有像玛丽·贝丝·诺顿 (Mary Beth Norton) 的《自由之女》(1980)、TH 布林 (TH Breen) 的《革命市场》(2004) 和大卫·布里昂·戴维斯 (David Brion Davis) 的《革命时代的奴隶制问题》(1975) 等出色的作品，这些作品都强调了女性、商业、美国建国时的奴隶制，