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Evaluation of the Efficacy of SIFT-MS for Speciation of Wastewater Treatment Plant Odors in Parallel with Human Sensory Analysis
Environments Pub Date : 2020-10-15 , DOI: 10.3390/environments7100090
Vaughan S. Langford , Cassandra Billiau , Murray J. McEwan

Odors from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have frequently been attributed primarily to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Low-to-medium cost hydrogen sulfide sensors have been utilized as odor indicators. However, other odorous species are usually present that may have lower odor thresholds than hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is not always present in odorous environments and the correlation of hydrogen sulfide to odor at a treatment facility is inconsistent. Such factors determine hydrogen sulfide an inconsistent indicator and more sophisticated measurement techniques are required to accurately predict odor intensity from complex gaseous mixes. In this paper, the performance of a direct mass spectrometric technique, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), is evaluated for analysis of odors from diverse sources at a modern WWTP. The soft chemical ionization employed in SIFT-MS provides detection and quantification of a wide range of potential odorants to below, or close to, the human odor detection threshold (ODT). The results presented demonstrate that methyl mercaptan is almost always a more significant odorant at this WWTP than hydrogen sulfide and confirm that the relative abundances of these odorants vary significantly. Parallel SIFT-MS chemical analysis and human sensory analysis (olfactometry) was conducted in this study. Good agreement was observed for samples of moderate to strong “sewage” or “chemical” character. However, in samples that were otherwise low in odor intensity, sensory analysis did not attribute “sewage” odor notes as the predominant odor character. Chemicals attributed with this odor character were present significantly above the ODTs in the mixed samples and were detected by SIFT-MS. A weak correlation was obtained between total odor activity values measured using SIFT-MS and the odor concentration (in odor units per cubic meter) determined using dilution olfactometry. The complexity of the wastewater matrix and complexity of human odor recognition from mixed samples is thought to be the underlying cause of less-than-ideal correlation, perturbing both olfactometry and SIFT-MS analyses.

中文翻译:

SIFT-MS与人类感官分析并行评估废水处理厂异味的功效

废水处理厂(WWTP)的气味通常主要归因于硫化氢(H 2S)。中低成本的硫化氢传感器已被用作气味指示剂。但是,通常存在其他气味物质,其气味阈值可能低于硫化氢。硫化氢并不总是存在于有气味的环境中,并且在处理设施中硫化氢与气味的相关性是不一致的。这些因素决定了硫化氢的指标不一致,需要更复杂的测量技术才能准确预测复杂气体混合物的气味强度。在本文中,对直接质谱技术(选定的离子流管质谱法(SIFT-MS))的性能进行了评估,以分析现代WWTP中来自各种来源的气味。SIFT-MS中使用的软化学电离技术可以检测和定量各种潜在的气味物质,使其低于或接近人类气味检测阈值(ODT)。呈现的结果表明,相比于硫化氢,甲基硫醇几乎始终是该污水处理厂中更重要的气味剂,并证实了这些气味剂的相对丰度变化很大。在这项研究中进行了并行的SIFT-MS化学分析和人体感官分析(嗅觉测定)。对于中度到强“污水”或“化学”特征的样品,观察到良好的一致性。但是,在原本气味强度较低的样品中,感官分析并未将“污水”的气味归因于气味的主要特征。归因于这种气味特征的化学物质明显存在于混合样品中的ODT上方,并通过SIFT-MS检测到。使用SIFT-MS测量的总气味活性值与使用稀释嗅觉法测定的气味浓度(每立方米的气味单位)之间存在弱相关性。废水基质的复杂性和混合样品中人的气味识别的复杂性被认为是导致嗅觉测定法和SIFT-MS分析均不理想的根本原因。
更新日期:2020-10-15
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