The Galleria Italia waters drain the complex tunnel system of the former Hg-mining area of Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, central Italia) and feed the 2.5 km-long Fosso della Chiusa creek. The mining exploitation was active for more than one century and more than 100,000 tons of liquid mercury were produced by roasting processes of cinnabar (HgS). In this work, a discontinuous geochemical monitoring of the Galleria Italia circumneutral waters was carried out from February 2009 to October 2020, during which the main physicochemical parameters, main and minor dissolved species and trace elements (including Hg) were determined. In the observation period, significant variations in the water chemistry were recorded, particularly when flooding waves, due to intense precipitations, occurred, with the two main events being recorded in February 2009 and January 2010. The chemical composition of the Galleria Italia waters was Ca(Mg)-SO₄ and related to congruent dissolution of gypsum/anhydrite at which a contribution from carbonatic and silicatic minerals and partial solubilization of CO₂ and and H₂S oxidation is to be added. Regarding the trace elements, Al, Mn and Fe were up to 1500, 768 and 39520 μg L⁻¹, with these elements also showing high contents in the sediment precipitating by the Galleria Italia waters. In most cases, dissolved mercury was below the instrumental detection limit (< 0.1 μg L⁻¹), although occasionally it reached > 1 μg L⁻¹. Considering a mean flow rate of 40 L s⁻¹ of the discharged water, the amount of dissolved mercury released from Galleria Italia was computed, although most mercury was occurring in the sediment (1.2 mg kg⁻¹). A more realistic computation of mercury released from Galleria Italia should involve a sampling network along the Fosso della Chiusa before entering the riverine system of the Tiber basin, into which dissolved and suspended mercury are to be determined along with that occurring in the sediments.

中文翻译：

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对意大利中环水域的不连续地球化学监测（意大利中部托斯卡纳的Abbadia San Salvatore的Hg采矿区的前部分）为Fosso Della Chiusa Creek供食

意大利廊（Galleria Italia）的水排出了Abbadia San Salvatore（意大利中部托斯卡纳）的前汞矿开采区的复杂隧道系统，并为2.5公里长的Fosso della Chiusa小河供水。采矿开采活跃了一个多世纪，通过朱砂（HgS）的焙烧过程产生了超过100,000吨液态汞。在这项工作中，从2009年2月至2020年10月对意大利环球免税店周围水域进行了不连续的地球化学监测，在此期间确定了主要理化参数，主要和次要溶解物种以及微量元素（包括汞）。在观察期内，记录到水化学变化显着，特别是当由于强降水而发生洪水时，_在图4中可以看出，这与石膏/硬石膏的完全溶解有关，在该处溶解了碳和硅石矿物以及CO ₂和H ₂ S氧化的部分溶解。关于痕量元素，Al，Mn和Fe分别高达1500、768和39520μgL ^-1，这些元素在义大利水廊水沉淀的沉积物中也显示出高含量。在大多数情况下，溶解的汞低于仪器的检测极限（<0.1μgL ^-1），尽管偶尔达到> 1μgL ^-1。考虑平均流量为40 L s ^-1尽管大部分汞都发生在沉积物中（1.2 mg kg ^-1），但还是计算了从排放的废水中释放出来的溶解汞的量。从意大利廊释放的汞的更现实的计算应该包括在进入台伯河流域的河流系统之前沿着Fosso della Chiusa进行采样的网络，确定溶解和悬浮的汞以及沉积物中的汞含量。