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Dartmouth Outward Bound Center and the rise of experiential education, 1957–1976
History of Education Review Pub Date : 2020-04-18 , DOI: 10.1108/her-07-2019-0024
Jayson Seaman , Robert MacArthur , Sean Harrington

Purpose: The article discusses Outward Bound’s participation in the human potential movement through its incorporation of T-group practices and the reform language of experiential education in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Design/methodology/approach: The article reports on original research conducted using materials from Dartmouth College and other Outward Bound collections from 1957-1976. It follows a case study approach to illustrate themes pertaining to Outward Bound’s creation and evolution in the United States, and the establishment of experiential education more broadly. Findings: Building on prior research (Freeman, 2011; Millikan, 2006), the present article elaborates on the conditions under which Outward Bound abandoned muscular Christianity in favor of humanistic psychology. Experiential education provided both a set of practices and a reform language that helped Outward Bound expand into the educational mainstream, which also helped to extend self-expressive pedagogies into formal and nonformal settings. Research implications: The Dartmouth Outward Bound Center’s tenure coincided with and reflected broader cultural changes, from the cold war motif of spiritual warfare, frontier masculinity, and national service to the rise of self-expression in education. Future scholars can situate specific curricular initiatives in the context of these paradigms, particularly in outdoor

中文翻译:

达特茅斯外展拓展中心和体验式教育的兴起,1957–1976年

目的:本文讨论了Outbound Bound在1960年代末和1970年代初通过结合T组实践和体验式教育的改革语言而参与人类潜在运动的过程。设计/方法/方法:本文报道了使用达特茅斯学院的材料和其他1957-1976年的外向收藏品进行的原始研究。它采用案例研究的方法来说明与Outbound Bound在美国的创造和发展以及更广泛的体验式教育的建立有关的主题。调查结果:在先前研究的基础上(弗里曼,2011年;密里根,2006年),本文详细阐述了外向型抛弃肌肉基督教以支持人本主义心理学的条件。体验式教育既提供了一套实践方法,又提供了一种改革语言,帮助外展拓展到了教育主流,这也有助于将自我表达的教学法扩展到正式和非正式的环境中。研究意义:达特茅斯外展中心的任职时期与同时期的文化变化同时发生,并反映出更广泛的文化变化,从精神战争,边疆男性化和国民服务的冷战主题到教育中的自我表现的兴起。未来的学者可以在这些范式的背景下提出具体的课程计划,特别是在户外 达特茅斯拓展训练中心的任期恰好反映了更广泛的文化变化,从精神战争,边疆男子气概和国民服务的冷战主题到教育中的自我表现的兴起。未来的学者可以在这些范式的背景下提出具体的课程计划,特别是在户外 达特茅斯拓展训练中心的任期恰好反映了更广泛的文化变化,从精神战争,边疆男子气概和国民服务的冷战主题到教育中的自我表现的兴起。未来的学者可以在这些范式的背景下提出具体的课程计划,特别是在户外
更新日期:2020-04-18
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