Historical cemeteries across the United States are endangered due to development, neglect, and vandalism. Cemeteries of historically oppressed groups, specifically African, African American, and Hispanic populations, are even more susceptible to destruction or damage due to systematic, institutionalized racism; neglect; segregation; and unique mortuary patterns that often result in these cemeteries being ignored, damaged, or “lost.” A specific example is provided by historical cemeteries in Texas going “missing” from maps. Several cemeteries were known and marked on historical maps, but were later omitted from modern maps. This discrepancy is significant and leaves these “lost” cemeteries vulnerable. Minority cemeteries, particularly African and African American cemeteries, have a history of being damaged or destroyed during construction projects, only to be located on historical maps after the fact. Interdisciplinary research, including examinations of historical maps and an anthropological/archaeological understanding of mortuary customs, can help to preserve these unique and often underrepresented sites in American history.

中文翻译：

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“失踪的墓地”和结构性种族主义：德克萨斯州的历史地图和濒临灭绝的非洲/非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔太平间习俗

由于开发、忽视和故意破坏，美国各地的历史公墓都处于危险之中。历史上受压迫群体的墓地，特别是非洲裔、非裔美国人和西班牙裔人口，更容易因有系统的、制度化的种族主义而遭到破坏或破坏；忽视; 隔离；和独特的太平间模式，往往导致这些墓地被忽视、损坏或“丢失”。一个具体的例子是德克萨斯州的历史墓地从地图中“消失”了。历史地图上有几个已知的墓地，但后来在现代地图中被省略了。这种差异很大，使这些“丢失”的墓地变得脆弱。少数民族墓地，特别是非裔和非裔美国人墓地，有在建设项目中被破坏或毁坏的历史，事后只能在历史地图上找到。跨学科研究，包括对历史地图的检查和对太平间习俗的人类学/考古学理解，可以帮助保护美国历史上这些独特且经常被忽视的遗址。