Background.

Games are designed to help participants think about, understand, sharpen their problem statement as well as the specific objectives to be achieved to escape the problem situation. When participants prepare for the game (briefing), interact in the simulated environment (gameplay), and self- or jointly reflect about the gameplay they faced in terms of intended and unintended learning experiences (debrief), they benefit or suffer from facilitating that can or cannot fully cater to their needs. To support the participants to explore and resolve the problem situation in order to achieve learning goals, we propose that facilitators can make use of role shifts during gameplay.

Method.

To capture the role shifts in the gameplay phase we studied game runs of the MicroTech game. The MicroTech game is a free-form game in which participants play the role of top management team or division managers in a multiunit organization.

Results.

We analyzed the role shifts we experienced as facilitators by elaborating on game events and how we could manage those events differently in future game runs if necessary. We show a need for facilitators to be able to embody multiple roles in the case of policy gaming that are in fit with the different phases, while there is a simultaneous need to shift within phases in order to keep participants moving and stimulating them to work towards the learning goals.

Conclusion.

Gaming/simulation facilitators should explore what multiplicity is required of them to make the game a success. Although this may seem normal practice to well-prepared and professionally trained facilitators, this may be particularly important for novice facilitators.

中文翻译：

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多重推动者：科学家，贤者和无赖

背景。

游戏旨在帮助参与者思考，理解，加强他们的问题陈述以及为逃避问题状况而要实现的特定目标。当参加的比赛（简报），相互作用在模拟的环境（游戏）准备和自我或共同反映了他们面临的有意和无意的学习经历（汇报）方面的游戏，他们受益或遭受促进该罐或无法完全满足他们的需求。为了支持参与者探索和解决问题状况以实现学习目标，我们建议协调人可以在游戏过程中利用角色转换。

方法。

为了捕获游戏阶段的角色转变，我们研究了MicroTech游戏的运行方式。MicroTech游戏是一种自由形式的游戏，参与者在多部门组织中扮演高层管理团队或部门经理的角色。

结果。

我们通过详细阐述游戏事件以及在必要时我们如何在以后的游戏运行中如何不同地管理那些事件，来分析我们作为促进者所经历的角色转变。我们显示，在政策博弈的过程中，需要协调人能够体现出与不同阶段相适应的多种角色，同时也需要在阶段之间进行转移，以保持参与者的前进并激励他们朝着目标迈进。学习目标。

结论。

游戏/模拟辅助人员应探索使游戏成功所需的多重性。尽管这对于准备良好且经过专业培训的主持人来说似乎是正常的做法，但这对于新手主持人可能尤其重要。