The civilian right to life is a central concept in just war theory and international law. It plays an important role in restraining wars, as it is the basis for the principle of civilian immunity and the jus in bello principle of discrimination; yet, it is generally interpreted as only establishing a first-order duty, according to which belligerents must avoid harming civilians. In this essay, we argue that, in addition to this duty, the right to life also entails a second-order duty to compensate civilians whose right to life has been breached. We propose that states should have to pay compensatory damages to individual civilians harmed by their military actions and we discuss the standards of liability that can be used to determine when payment is owed.

中文翻译：

---

战争平民受害者的矫正正义：赔偿和生命权

平民生命权是正义战争理论和国际法的核心概念。它在抑制战争方面发挥着重要作用，因为它是平民豁免原则和战争法歧视原则的基础；然而，它通常被解释为只是确立了第一级职责，根据该职责，交战方必须避免伤害平民。在本文中，我们认为，除了这项义务之外，生命权还承担着对生命权受到侵犯的平民进行赔偿的二级义务。我们建议各州必须向因军事行动而受到伤害的个别平民支付补偿性损害赔偿，并且我们讨论了可用于确定何时应付款的责任标准。