This review essay synthesizes fifteen years of scholarship challenging the presumed relationship between secularism and democracy—that state secularism provides the normative or institutional baseline for modern governance. The idea that states and societies become more secular as they develop economically is no longer supported by most social scientists, including its original proponents. Sociologists and anthropologists have increasingly studied secularism as a project, rather than a teleological process embedded in modernization, and the new scholarship on “comparative secularisms” demonstrates that the manifestations of secularism are complicated and varied. Despite these advances, the new scholarship suffers from insufficient attention to the measurement challenges posed by the diverse content of religion. And while scholars continue to debate the content and characteristics of our secular age, all of the recent scholarship highlights important differences between traditional and modern religion. In view of the current state of the literature, this essay lays out an agenda for research on religion and modernity, or on modernization without secularization.

中文翻译：

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超越世俗民主：宗教、政治和现代性

这篇评论文章综合了十五年来挑战世俗主义和民主之间假定关系的学术成果——国家世俗主义为现代治理提供了规范或制度基础。大多数社会科学家，包括其最初的支持者，不再支持国家和社会随着经济发展而变得更加世俗化的观点。社会学家和人类学家越来越多地将世俗主义作为一个项目来研究，而不是嵌入在现代化中的目的论过程，而关于“比较世俗主义”的新学术表明，世俗主义的表现形式是复杂多样的。尽管取得了这些进展，但新的奖学金对宗教多样化内容所带来的测量挑战的关注不够。虽然学者们继续争论我们世俗时代的内容和特征，但最近的所有学术研究都强调了传统宗教和现代宗教之间的重要差异。鉴于文献的现状，本文提出了研究宗教和现代性或非世俗化的现代化的议程。