The studies pertaining to expertise development are diverse and broad (Bjork, 1994; Einstein & McDaniel, 2005; Schneider, Healy, & Bourne, 2002), yet empirical research that bridges expertise development into instructional design theories is still in its very formative stages (Ertmer et al., 2008; Fadde, 2009). This article is intended to identify the instructional principles that are effective in accelerating the performance of journeymen, considering the significant impact of the journeyman stage and the need for hastening performance in that stage. With the introduction to the major scholarly works and principles that have led to the elaboration of training methods, strategies, and materials, this review of literature proposes a learning model that has four components: (1) development plan, (2) action, (3) reflection-on-action, and (4) remedies.

中文翻译：

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在行动中学习：有能力的专业人士如何学习

与专业知识发展相关的研究多种多样（Bjork，1994；Einstein & McDaniel，2005；Schneider、Healy 和 Bourne，2002），但将专业知识发展与教学设计理论联系起来的实证研究仍处于非常形成阶段（ Ertmer 等人，2008 年；Fadde，2009 年）。考虑到熟练工阶段的重大影响以及在该阶段加快绩效的必要性，本文旨在确定可有效提高熟练工绩效的教学原则。通过介绍导致制定培训方法、策略和材料的主要学术著作和原则，这篇文献综述提出了一个学习模型，该模型具有四个组成部分：(1) 发展计划，(2) 行动，( 3) 行动反思，