Purpose Since the publication of its first results in 2000, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) implemented by the OECD has repeatedly been the subject of heated debate. In late 2014 controversy flared up anew, with the most severe critics going so far as to call for a halt to the programme. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methodological design of PISA and the ideological basis of scientific and policy arguments invoked for and against it. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine the soundness of the survey methodology and identify the conflicting interpretations and values fuelling the debate. Findings The authors find that while PISA has promoted the focus on the important subject of children's education worldwide there are legitimate concerns about what PISA measures, and how. The authors conclude that the OECD should be more transparent in the documentation of the methodological choices that underlie the creation of the data and more explicit about the impact of these choices on the results. More broadly, the authors advise caution in the attempt to derive and apply evidence-based policy in the domain of education; the authors furthermore propose an alternative model of social inquiry that is sensitive and robust to the concerns of the various actors and stakeholders that may be involved in a given policy domain. Originality/value The issues and tensions surrounding the PISA survey can be better understood in the framework of post-normal science (PNS), the application of which to the PISA controversy offers a potential solution to a stalemate.

中文翻译：

---

PISA数据是否证明基于PISA的教育政策合理？

目的自2000年发布第一份结果以来，经合组织实施的国际学生评估计划（PISA）屡屡成为热门话题。2014年底，争议再次爆发，最严厉的批评者甚至呼吁停止该计划。本文的目的是讨论PISA的方法论设计以及为之主张和反对的PISA的科学和政策论据的思想基础。设计/方法论/方法作者检查了调查方法的正确性，并确定了引发争议的解释和价值观。结论作者发现，尽管PISA在全球范围内促进了对儿童教育这一重要主题的关注，但人们对PISA的措施以及措施存在合理的担忧。作者得出结论，经合组织应在建立数据的基础上的方法选择的文档中更加透明，并更明确地说明这些选择对结果的影响。更广泛地讲，作者在尝试在教育领域推导和应用循证政策时应谨慎行事。作者进一步提出了一种社会调查的替代模型，该模型对可能涉及给定政策领域的各种行为者和利益相关者的关注敏感而稳健。独创性/价值在法后科学（PNS）的框架下，可以更好地理解PISA调查的问题和紧张关系，将其应用于PISA争议提供了解决僵局的潜在解决方案。