The theory of mental workload suggests that job aids should be particularly useful if they provide resources for individuals without creating excessive, additional cognitive burden. We tested this proposition by examining the individual and interactive effects of task-based training and checklist design on training performance. Undergraduate students (N = 229) were randomly assigned to task-based or non-task-based training, and to one of three checklists or no checklist to aid training performance. The three checklists were (1) designed to provide low levels of detail but highly structured, (2) high levels of detail and highly structured or (3) high levels of detail with low structure. Results suggest checklists improve accuracy and also minimize psychological strain, yet at the cost of reduced speed. This suggests industries in which accuracy is critical to performance outcomes should consider how checklists, such as safety checklists, are designed. Implications for checklist design and provision are discussed.

中文翻译：

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通过精心设计的清单加强培训

精神工作量理论认为，工作辅助工具在为个人提供资源而又不增加额外的认知负担的情况下应特别有用。我们通过检查基于任务的培训和清单设计对培训绩效的个体和互动影响来测试这一命题。本科生（N = 229）被随机分配到基于任务的或基于非任务的培训中，并分配给三个清单中的一个或没有清单来帮助培训。这三个清单的设计是（1）提供低层次的细节，但高度结构化；（2）高层次的细节和高度结构化；或（3）高层次的细节，但结构低。结果表明，清单可以提高准确性，并最大程度地减少心理压力，但代价是速度下降。这表明精度对绩效结果至关重要的行业应考虑如何设计清单，例如安全清单。讨论了清单设计和提供的含义。