Strict adherence to masculine norms has been associated with deleterious consequences for the physical and mental health of men. However, population-based research is lacking, and it remains unclear whether ageing influences adherence to masculine norms and the extent to which mental health problems like depression are implicated. This study reports on data from 14,516 males aged 15–55 years who participated in Wave 1 of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Male Health (Ten to Men). Group differences in self-reported conformity to masculine norms (CMNI-22), current depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and self-reported 12-month depression history were examined for males aged 15–17 years, 18–25 years, 26–35 years, 36–50 years, and 51–55 years. Generalised linear models were used to examine the relationships between these variables across age groups. Conformity to masculine norms decreased significantly with age. However, models predicting depression generally showed that higher conformity to masculine norms was associated with an increased risk of current depressive symptoms, especially in the oldest age group. Conversely, higher conformity was associated with a decreased likelihood of a self-reported 12-month depression history, although nuances were present between age groups, such that this trend was not evident in the oldest age group. Findings provide important insights into the complex relationship between conformity to masculine norms and depressive symptoms across the lifespan and further highlight the importance of mental health campaigns that address the complexities of gendered help-seeking behaviour for men.

中文翻译：

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符合男性规范和抑郁之间的关联：对澳大利亚男性进行人口研究的年龄影响

严格遵守男性规范与对男性身心健康的有害后果有关。然而，缺乏基于人群的研究，并且尚不清楚衰老是否会影响对男性规范的遵守以及涉及抑郁症等心理健康问题的程度。这项研究报告了来自14516名年龄在15-55岁之间的男性数据，他们参加了澳大利亚男性健康纵向研究（十对男性）的第一波研究。研究了15-17岁，18-25岁，26岁的男性自我报告符合男性规范（CMNI-22），当前抑郁症状（PHQ-9）和自我报告12个月抑郁史的群体差异–35年，36–50年和51–55年。广义线性模型用于检验跨年龄组的这些变量之间的关系。随着年龄的增长，符合男性规范的人数明显减少。但是，预测抑郁的模型通常显示，与男性规范的较高一致性会增加当前抑郁症状的风险，尤其是在年龄最大的年龄组中。相反，尽管年龄段之间存在细微差别，但较高的顺应性与自我报告的12个月抑郁史的可能性降低有关，因此这种趋势在年龄最大的年龄段中不明显。这些发现提供了重要的见解，表明在整个生命周期中符合男性规范和抑郁症状之间的复杂关系，并进一步强调了开展心理健康运动以解决男性寻求帮助行为的复杂性的重要性。预测抑郁的模型通常显示，与男性规范的较高一致性会增加当前抑郁症状的风险，尤其是在年龄最大的年龄组中。相反，尽管年龄段之间存在细微差别，但较高的顺应性与自我报告的12个月抑郁史的可能性降低有关，因此这种趋势在年龄最大的年龄段中不明显。这些发现提供了重要的见解，表明在整个生命周期中符合男性规范和抑郁症状之间的复杂关系，并进一步强调了开展心理健康运动以解决男性寻求帮助行为的复杂性的重要性。预测抑郁的模型通常显示，与男性规范的较高一致性会增加当前抑郁症状的风险，尤其是在年龄最大的年龄组中。相反，尽管年龄段之间存在细微差别，但较高的顺应性与自我报告的12个月抑郁史的可能性降低有关，因此这种趋势在年龄最大的年龄段中不明显。这些发现提供了重要的见解，表明在整个生命周期中符合男性规范和抑郁症状之间的复杂关系，并进一步强调了开展心理健康运动以解决男性寻求帮助行为的复杂性的重要性。