Motivated by the potentially high downlink traffic demands of commuters in future autonomous vehicles, we study a network architecture where vehicles use Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) links to form relay network clusters, which in turn use Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) links to connect to one or more Road Side Units (RSUs). Such cluster-based multihoming offers improved performance, e.g., in coverage and per user shared rate, but depends on the penetration of V2V+V2I capable vehicles and possible blockage, by legacy vehicles, of line of sight based V2V links, such as those based on millimeter-wave and visible light technologies. This paper provides a performance analysis of a typical vehicle’s connectivity and throughput on a highway in the free-flow regime, exploring its dependence on vehicle density, sensitivity to blockages, number of lanes and heterogeneity across lanes. The results, backed up by simulations of realistic vehicular traffic, show that even with moderate vehicle densities and penetration of V2V+V2I capable vehicles, such architectures can achieve substantial improvements in connectivity and reduction in per-user rate variability as compared to V2I based networks. The typical vehicle’s performance is also shown to improve considerably in the multilane highway setting as compared to a single lane road. This paper also sheds light on how the network performance is affected when vehicles can control their relative positions, by characterizing the connectivity-throughput tradeoff faced by the clusters of vehicles.

中文翻译：

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多宿主多车道VANET的分析模型和性能评估

受未来自动驾驶汽车通勤者潜在的高下行流量需求的影响，我们研究了一种网络架构，其中车辆使用“车辆到车辆”（V2V）链接形成中继网络集群，而中继网络集群又使用“车辆到基础设施”（V2I）连接到一个或多个路边单元（RSU）的链接。这样的基于集群的多宿主提供了改善的性能，例如在覆盖范围和每个用户共享速率上，但是取决于具有V2V + V2I能力的车辆的渗透性以及传统车辆对基于视线的V2V链接（例如基于毫米波和可见光技术。本文提供了在自由流动状态下典型车辆在高速公路上的连通性和吞吐量的性能分析，探讨了其对车辆密度，对障碍物的敏感性，通道数和通道间的异质性。结果得到了现实车辆交通仿真的支持，表明与基于V2I的网络相比，即使在中等密度的车辆和具有V2V + V2I能力的车辆的普及率下，此类架构也可以实现连通性的显着改善和每用户速率可变性的降低。与单车道公路相比，在多车道公路环境中，典型车辆的性能也得到了显着改善。本文还通过表征车辆集群所面临的连通性-吞吐量折衷，阐明了当车辆可以控制其相对位置时网络性能如何受到影响。研究表明，与基于V2I的网络相比，即使具有适度的车辆密度和具有V2V + V2I功能的车辆的普及率，此类体系结构也可以实现连通性的显着改善并降低每用户速率的可变性。与单车道公路相比，在多车道公路环境中，典型车辆的性能也得到了显着改善。本文还通过表征车辆集群所面临的连通性-吞吐量折衷，阐明了当车辆可以控制其相对位置时网络性能如何受到影响。研究表明，与基于V2I的网络相比，即使具有适度的车辆密度和具有V2V + V2I功能的车辆的普及率，此类体系结构也可以实现连通性的显着改善并降低每用户速率的可变性。与单车道公路相比，在多车道公路环境中，典型车辆的性能也得到了显着改善。本文还通过表征车辆集群所面临的连通性-吞吐量折衷，阐明了当车辆可以控制其相对位置时网络性能如何受到影响。与单车道公路相比，在多车道公路环境中，典型车辆的性能也得到了显着改善。本文还通过表征车辆集群所面临的连通性-吞吐量折衷，阐明了当车辆可以控制其相对位置时网络性能如何受到影响。与单车道公路相比，在多车道公路环境中，典型车辆的性能也得到了显着改善。本文还通过表征车辆集群所面临的连通性-吞吐量折衷，阐明了当车辆可以控制其相对位置时网络性能如何受到影响。