In the past decade, semiconducting qubits have made great strides in overcoming decoherence, improving the prospects for scalability and have become one of the leading contenders for the development of large-scale quantum circuits. In this Review, we describe the current state of the art in semiconductor charge and spin qubits based on gate-controlled semiconductor quantum dots, shallow dopants and colour centres in wide-bandgap materials. We frame the relative strengths of the different semiconductor qubit implementations in the context of applications such as quantum simulation, computing, sensing and networks. By highlighting the status and future perspectives of the basic types of semiconductor qubits, this Review aims to serve as a technical introduction for non-specialists and a forward-looking reference for scientists intending to work in this field.

在过去的十年中，半导体量子位在克服退相干方面取得了长足的进步，改善了可扩展性的前景，并已成为开发大规模量子电路的主要竞争者之一。在这篇综述中，我们基于宽带隙材料中的栅极控制半导体量子点，浅掺杂剂和色心，描述了半导体电荷和自旋量子位的最新技术。我们在量子仿真，计算，传感和网络等应用的背景下，构建了不同半导体量子位实现的相对强度。通过重点介绍半导体量子位基本类型的现状和未来前景，