A growing scholarship argues that decarbonization cannot be achieved with single instruments like carbon pricing alone. A broader mix of reinforcing policies is required. This literature focuses on how policies can accelerate technological innovation, restrict polluting activities, promote green growth, and ensure social justice. Applying the policy mix literature to the European Union (EU), this article examines the development of climate and energy policies from separate and narrow initiatives to coordinated policy packages to achieve increasingly ambitious climate targets, culminating with the European Green Deal. The starting point to explain this policy development is that EU policies will reflect the positions of the ‘least ambitious’ actors when unanimity is required. Examination of different policy phases shows that EU policy mixes are not only needed to fulfil different transition functions—they also provide opportunities to combine different actor interests to raise climate ambitions. The EU institutions have been instrumental in crafting policy packages that exempt and compensate the least climate-ambitious actors. The Paris Agreement has also provided an enabling context for higher EU ambitions. Looking towards the future, the corona-induced recession has so far mainly been used by the EU as an opportunity to strengthen climate ambitions and the European Green Deal.

越来越多的学者认为，仅靠碳定价等单一手段无法实现脱碳。需要更广泛的强化政策组合。这些文献集中于政策如何加速技术创新，限制污染活动，促进绿色增长以及确保社会公正。本文将政策混合文献应用于欧盟（EU），考察了气候和能源政策的发展，从单独的狭窄举措到协调一致的政策方案，以实现日益雄心勃勃的气候目标，最终实现了《欧洲绿色协议》。解释这一政策发展的出发点是，当需要一致通过时，欧盟政策将反映“最雄心勃勃”的行为者的立场。对不同政策阶段的审查表明，不仅需要欧盟的各种政策组合来履行不同的过渡职能，而且它们还提供了机会，可以将不同的参与者利益相结合，以提高气候雄心。欧盟机构在制定一揽子政策方案中发挥了重要作用，这些方案免除了并补偿了那些对气候问题最不抱负的参与者。《巴黎协定》还为欧盟的雄心壮志提供了有利的环境。展望未来，迄今为止，电晕诱发的衰退主要被欧盟用作加强气候野心和《欧洲绿色协议》的机会。欧盟机构在制定一揽子政策方案中发挥了重要作用，这些方案免除了并补偿了那些对气候问题最不抱负的参与者。《巴黎协定》还为欧盟的雄心壮志提供了有利的环境。展望未来，迄今为止，电晕诱发的衰退主要被欧盟用作加强气候野心和《欧洲绿色协议》的机会。欧盟机构在制定一揽子政策方案中发挥了重要作用，这些方案免除了并补偿了那些对气候问题最不抱负的参与者。《巴黎协定》还为欧盟的雄心壮志提供了有利的环境。展望未来，迄今为止，电晕诱发的衰退主要被欧盟用作加强气候野心和《欧洲绿色协议》的机会。