Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) has been associated with T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response. A good understanding of T cell functions in asthma is important for therapy, especially in the choice of biological treatments for severe cases. Mepolizumab, an IL-5 antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of severe asthma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress inflammation by secreting cytokines that inhibit Th2 cell proliferation. We investigated peripheral Treg, CD4, CD8, CD19 and NK cell percentages and their relationship to clinical and functional parameters, including peripheral eosinophils, before and after anti-IL5 treatment. Subjects were 14 adult SEA patients (9 male, 54.1 ± 11.6 years), treated with mepolizumab, and 10 controls. T cells (CD4 and CD8), CD19, NK and Tregs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Comparison of lung function parameters before and after treatment with mepolizumab (T0 and T1) showed an increase in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and a reduction in blood eosinophil percentages. CD8 and CD16/56⁺CD3⁺ were significantly higher in SEA patients than controls (P = .04 and P = .03, respectively). A decrease in CD45+, CD8 + and CD16/56⁺CD3⁺ cell percentages was observed between T0 and T1 (P = .02, P = .04, P = .03, respectively). A significant increase in Treg percentages (P = .0001) was recorded between T0 and T1. Mepolizumab therapy was found to modulate immune response, restoring immune balance in patients with SEA.

中文翻译：

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美泊利单抗治疗的重度嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘患者的调节性 T 细胞监测

严重嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘 (SEA) 与 2 型 T 辅助细胞 (Th2) 炎症反应有关。充分了解哮喘中 T 细胞的功能对于治疗很重要，尤其是在选择严重病例的生物治疗方法时。美泊利单抗是一种 IL-5 拮抗剂，适用于治疗严重哮喘。调节性 T 细胞 (Tregs) 通过分泌抑制 Th2 细胞增殖的细胞因子来抑制炎症。我们在抗 IL5 治疗前后研究了外周 Treg、CD4、CD8、CD19 和 NK 细胞百分比及其与临床和功能参数（包括外周嗜酸性粒细胞）的关系。受试者是 14 名接受美泊利单抗治疗的成年 SEA 患者（9 名男性，54.1 ± 11.6 岁）和 10 名对照。通过流式细胞术评估 T 细胞（CD4 和 CD8）、CD19、NK 和 Treg。美泊利单抗治疗前后肺功能参数的比较（T0 和 T1）显示 FEV1、FEV1/FVC 比值增加，血液嗜酸性粒细胞百分比降低。CD8 和 CD16/56SEA 患者的⁺ CD3 ⁺显着高于对照组（分别为P  = .04 和P  = .03）。在 T0 和 T1 之间观察到CD45+、CD8+ 和 CD16/56 ⁺ CD3 ⁺细胞百分比下降（分别为P  = .02、P  = .04、P  = .03）。 在 T0 和 T1 之间记录了 Treg 百分比的显着增加 ( P = .0001)。发现美泊利单抗疗法可调节免疫反应，恢复 SEA 患者的免疫平衡。