Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is involved in energy dissipation and has been linked to weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and reduced risk of atherosclerotic disease. BAT is found most often in the supraclavicular region, as well as mediastinal and paravertebral areas, and it is predominantly seen in young persons. BAT is activated by cold temperature and the sympathetic nervous system. In humans, BAT was initially detected via 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), a high-resolution molecular imaging modality used to identify and stage malignancies. Recent studies have shown that BAT can be localized using conventional imaging modalities, such as CT or magnetic resonance imaging, as well as radiotracers used for single-photon emission CT. In this systematic review, we have summarized the evidence for BAT detection in humans using various imaging techniques.

中文翻译：

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人类棕色脂肪组织成像研究的系统评价

棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 参与能量耗散，并与体重减轻、胰岛素敏感性和动脉粥样硬化疾病风险降低有关。BAT 最常见于锁骨上区域以及纵隔和椎旁区域，主要见于年轻人。BAT 由低温和交感神经系统激活。在人类中，BAT 最初是通过 2-deoxy-2-[ ¹⁸ F]fluoro- d-葡萄糖 (FDG) 正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描 (PET/CT)，一种用于识别和分期恶性肿瘤的高分辨率分子成像方式。最近的研究表明，BAT 可以使用传统的成像方式进行定位，例如 CT 或磁共振成像，以及用于单光子发射 CT 的放射性示踪剂。在这篇系统综述中，我们总结了使用各种成像技术在人类中检测 BAT 的证据。