The dynamic responses of railway vehicles under crosswinds are investigated by using multibody dynamic simulations and compared with the experimental data. A new gust model is also proposed to predict aerodynamic forces acting on railway vehicles under tunnel exit winds. The dynamic responses of a model vehicle under tunnel exit winds are firstly predicted by multibody dynamic simulations and the predicted rolling angles of the vehicle by the identified structural parameters show good agreement with those from the running vehicle test. The dynamic responses of a commuter rail under natural winds are then studied and the calculated wheel unloading ratios match favorably with those from the field test. Finally, a dynamic amplification factor (DAF) for railway vehicles under tunnel exit winds is proposed and systematically investigated. It is found that DAF decreases as the passing time as well as the damping ratio and natural frequency of railway vehicle increase. A simple formula is also proposed to predict DAF of railway vehicles under tunnel exit winds.

利用多体动力学仿真方法研究了侧风作用下铁路车辆的动力响应，并与实验数据进行了比较。还提出了一种新的阵风模型来预测在隧道出口风下作用在铁路车辆上的空气动力。首先通过多体动力学模拟对模型车辆在隧道出口风下的动力响应进行了预测，并且通过确定的结构参数预测的车辆侧倾角与运行中的车辆试验具有良好的一致性。然后研究了通勤铁路在自然风下的动力响应，并且计算出的车轮卸载比与现场测试的结果相吻合。最后，提出并系统研究了隧道风下铁路车辆的动态放大系数（DAF）。发现随着车辆的通过时间，车辆的阻尼比和固有频率的增加，DAF减小。还提出了一个简单的公式来预测隧道风下铁路车辆的DAF。