Considering climate change, controlling outdoor microclimates is an increasingly pressing concern. Microclimates have a significant effect on both outdoor and indoor comfort, and on the energy efficiency of buildings. This concern is particularly important as current climate conditions reveal that warmer summers are threatening the comfort of pedestrians and causing overheating in office environments, which is consequently increasing cooling energy consumption. A further concern is that this trend now extends to Nordic latitudes.

Existing literature demonstrates how a local microclimate depends on many factors such as urban density, shape and orientation of buildings, the types of materials present, the number of green areas and anthropogenic activities. However, there is little research focusing on how reciprocal distances among tall buildings, and their relative position, affect outdoor and indoor comfort, and the associated energy consumption of buildings. This paper presents a unique and comprehensive insight into the interconnected nature of indoor and outdoor comfort via coupled simulations.

It presents a study of clusters of tall commercial buildings located in the Nordic climate of Tallinn (Estonia) with different microclimates, and shows that the differences are due to variable shadowing and reflections and different wind patterns. The results, which focus on summer conditions, show that small variations of cluster layout strongly affect the local indoor and outdoor comfort, thus highlighting the need to conduct both studies simultaneously in research aiming to increase pedestrian and indoor comfort and resource efficiency.

考虑到气候变化，控制室外小气候成为日益紧迫的问题。小气候对室内和室外的舒适度以及建筑物的能源效率都有重要影响。这种担忧尤其重要，因为当前的气候条件表明，炎热的夏天威胁着行人的舒适度，并导致办公环境中的过热，因此增加了冷却能耗。另一个令人担忧的是，这一趋势现已扩展到北欧纬度。

现有文献表明，当地的小气候如何取决于许多因素，例如城市密度，建筑物的形状和方向，所用材料的类型，绿色区域的数量和人为活动。但是，很少有研究集中在高层建筑之间的相互距离及其相对位置如何影响室外和室内舒适度以及建筑物的相关能耗。本文通过耦合仿真对室内和室外舒适性的相互联系的性质提出了独特而全面的见解。

它对位于塔林（爱沙尼亚）北欧气候中的不同高层气候的高层商业建筑群进行了研究，结果表明，差异是由于阴影和反射变化以及风型不同所致。以夏季情况为重点的结果表明，集群布局的微小变化会强烈影响当地的室内和室外舒适度，因此强调了在进行旨在提高行人和室内舒适度和资源效率的研究中同时进行两项研究的必要性。