The residential PV-battery system is becoming economically viable due to technological advances. Selecting optimum investment portfolios and operation strategies are still the challenges faced by homeowners. This study proposed an integrated stochastic sizing-operating framework for optimal design and operation of grid-connected residential photovoltaic (PV)-battery systems. The two-stage stochastic programming method is adopted to address the uncertainties from load and PV productions, where 1) the first stage optimizes the investment portfolio of PV and battery, and 2) the second stage optimizes the energy system operation cost. A multi-year financial model is used to calculate the cash flows during the analysis period. The discounted net present values of expected net benefit (NB) are used as the maximization objective function to make optimal decisions for PV-battery investment and operation. Annual battery degradation factors estimate the aging battery effect. To separately evaluate the PV/battery profitability, we are the first to define the added value/cost metrics of PV/battery. Simulations based on realistic load/PV output profiles and estimated technical-economic parameters validated the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the added value/cost metrics of PV/battery components. The impacts of critical factors, including feed-in tariffs (FiT), tariff profiles and levels, and unit costs, were investigated to provide key findings to stakeholders. This framework can guide the homeowners to cost-effectively invest in and operate the distributed residential PV-battery system to facilitate the transition to a reliable, affordable, and clean building energy system.

由于技术进步，住宅光伏电池系统在经济上变得可行。选择最佳的投资组合和运营策略仍然是房主面临的挑战。这项研究提出了一个集成的随机选型操作框架，用于并网的住宅光伏电池系统的优化设计和操作。采用两阶段随机规划方法来解决来自负荷和光伏生产的不确定性，其中：1）第一阶段优化光伏和电池的投资组合，2）第二阶段优化能源系统的运营成本。多年财务模型用于计算分析期间的现金流量。预期净收益（NB）的折现净现值用作最大化目标函数，以便为光伏电池的投资和运营做出最佳决策。每年的电池退化因素估计电池老化的影响。为了分别评估光伏/电池的盈利能力，我们是第一个定义光伏/电池的增加值/成本指标的公司。基于实际负载/光伏输出曲线和估算的技术经济参数的仿真验证了所提出框架的有效性以及光伏/电池组件的增值/成本指标。对关键因素的影响进行了调查，包括上网电价（FiT），关税概况和水平以及单位成本，以向利益相关者提供关键发现。