ZrO₂ nanoparticles (ZrO₂ NPs) and Ag@ZrO₂ nanocomposite (Ag@ZrO₂ NCs) were prepared from zirconium (IV) butoxide in the absence of base or acid mineraliser by the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) and subsequent hydrothermal treatment. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman, Photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XRD and Raman analyses confirmed ZrO₂ NPs and Ag@ZrO₂ NCs tetragonal crystalline phase synthesized at 200 °C for 1 h. HRTEM images of ZrO₂ NPs and Ag@ZrO₂ NCs after treatment at 200 °C indicated small nanoparticles with characteristic size of 5–8 nm (ZrO₂) and 40–50 nm (Ag NPs). It was found that Ag@ZrO₂ NCs showed outstanding photocatalytic activity in photodegradation Rhodamine B dye compared with pure ZrO₂ NPs. Antibacterial activity tests of ZrO₂ NPs and Ag@ZrO₂ NCs were carried out using E. coli and S. aureus as model strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Ag@ZrO₂ NCs were capable of efficiently growth inhibition of bacteria cultures in more than 75% E. Coli compared to ZrO₂ NPs that exhibited <10% instead. However, at the same concentration (for example 0.25 mg/mL) we found that both ZrO₂ NPs and Ag@ZrO₂ NCs were significantly more effective against S. aureus in comparison with E. coli showing bacterial growth inhibition higher than 90% for S. aureus. Morphological observation of bacterial cells by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that nanoparticles and nanocomposite caused irreversible damage to the cell membrane.

ZrO ₂纳米颗粒（ZrO ₂ NPs）和Ag @ ZrO ₂纳米复合材料（Ag @ ZrO ₂ NCs）是在不存在碱或酸矿化剂的情况下，通过高级氧化工艺（AOP）和随后的水热处理由丁酸锆（IV）制备的。通过X射线衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），拉曼光谱，光致发光（PL），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和漫反射光谱（DRS）对样品进行表征。XRD和Raman分析证实了在200°C下合成1 h的ZrO ₂ NPs和Ag @ ZrO ₂ NCs四方晶相。ZrO ₂ NP和Ag @ ZrO _2的HRTEM图像在200°C处理后的NCs显示出小的纳米颗粒，其特征尺寸为5-8 nm（ZrO ₂）和40-50 nm（Ag NPs）。发现与纯ZrO ₂ NP相比，Ag @ ZrO ₂ NCs在光降解罗丹明B染料中表现出杰出的光催化活性。使用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌分别作为革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的模型菌株，对ZrO ₂ NPs和Ag @ ZrO ₂ NCs进行了抗菌活性测试。与ZrO ₂相比，Ag @ ZrO ₂ NCs在超过75％的大肠杆菌中能够有效抑制细菌培养物的生长。表现出<10％的NP。然而，在相同的浓度（例如0.25毫克/毫升），我们发现，这两个的ZrO ₂纳米颗粒和Ag @的ZrO _2吨的NC反对显著更有效的金黄色葡萄球菌与比较大肠杆菌显示出比90％更高的细菌生长抑制金黄色葡萄球菌。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对细菌细胞进行形态学观察发现，纳米颗粒和纳米复合材料对细胞膜造成了不可逆的损害。