Purpose

In the present study, we characterized the microbiomes of acute leukemia (AL) patients who achieved complete remission following remission induction chemotherapy (RIC) as outpatients, but who did not receive antimicrobials to treat or prevent febrile neutropenia.

Methods

Saliva and stool samples from 9 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 11 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 5 healthy controls were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing at baseline and at 3 months following RIC. Only patients who achieved remission at 3 months post-treatment were included. We excluded anyone who used antimicrobials within 2 months of enrollment or at any time during the study period.

Results

At baseline, the relative abundances of species of Prevotella maculosa (P=0.001), Megasphaera micronuciformis (P=0.014), Roseburia inulinivorans (P=0.021), and Bacteroides uniformis (P=0.004) in saliva and Prevotella copri (P=0.002) in the stools of controls were significantly higher than in AL patients. Following RIC, the relative abundances of Eubacterium sp. oral clone DO008 (P=0.012), Leptotrichia sp. oral clone IK040 (P=0.002), Oribacterium sp. oral taxon 108 (P=0.029), Megasphaera micronuciformis (P=0.016), TM7 phylum sp. oral clone DR034 (P<0.001), Roseburia inulinivorans (P=0.034), Actinomyces odontolyticus (P=0.014), Leptotrichia buccalis (P=0.005), and Prevotella melaninogenica (P=0.046) in saliva and Lactobacillus fermentum (P=0.046), Coprococcus catus (P=0.050), butyrate-producing bacterium SS3/4 (P=0.013), and Bacteroides coprocola (P=0.027) in the stools of AL patients were significantly greater than in controls.

Conclusion

Following RIC, several taxa are changed in stool and salvia samples of AL patients. Our results warrant future large-scale multicenter studies to examine whether the microbiota might have an effect on clinical outcomes of AL patients.

中文翻译：

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成功诱导缓解化疗后急性白血病患者的微生物群特征，无需抗生素预防

目的

在本研究中，我们将在缓解诱导化疗 (RIC) 后获得完全缓解的急性白血病 (AL) 患者的微生物组特征描述为门诊患者，但这些患者未接受抗生素治疗或预防发热性中性粒细胞减少症。

方法

来自 9 名急性髓系白血病患者、11 名急性淋巴细胞白血病患者和 5 名健康对照的唾液和粪便样本在基线和 RIC 后 3 个月进行了 16S 核糖体 RNA 测序。仅包括在治疗后 3 个月达到缓解的患者。我们排除了在入组后 2 个月内或在研究期间的任何时间使用抗微生物药物的任何人。

结果

基线时，唾液中普氏菌属（P = 0.001）、巨球藻（P = 0.014）、食玫瑰花（P = 0.021）和一致拟杆菌（P = 0.004）物种在唾液和普氏菌属（P = 0002）中的相对丰度。) 在对照组的粪便中显着高于 AL 患者。在 RIC 之后，真杆菌属的相对丰度。口腔克隆 DO008 ( P = 0.012)，Leptotrichia sp。口服克隆 IK040 ( P =0.002), Oribacteriumsp. 口腔分类群 108 ( P =0.029)、Megasphaera micronuciformis ( P = 0.016)、TM7 门sp. 口服克隆DR034（P <0.001），罗斯氏inulinivorans（P = 0.034），放线菌odontolyticus（P = 0.014），纤毛buccalis（P = 0.005），和产黑素（P在唾液和= 0.046）发酵乳杆菌（P = 0.046 ), Coprococcus catus ( P =0.050),产丁酸盐细菌 SS3/4 (P = 0.013)，AL 患者粪便中的杆菌( P = 0.027) 显着高于对照组。

结论

在 RIC 之后，AL 患者的粪便和丹参样本中的几个分类群发生了变化。我们的结果值得未来进行大规模的多中心研究，以检查微生物群是否可能对 AL 患者的临床结果产生影响。