Abstract

Climatic fluctuations are among the most important factors that cause changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This review considers the principal mechanisms of the influence of climate changes on the structure and functioning of ecosystems of water bodies and shows the need to take these mechanisms into account when developing strategies for conserving the biological resources of aquatic ecosystems. Climatic fluctuations affect aquatic ecosystems through changes in temperature, surface runoff of nutrients and other substances and their ratios, the intensity of water mixing during the circulation period, and other mechanisms. Additional nutrients received in rainy periods from the catchment area and directly with precipitation stimulate the growth of primary producers and cause the risk of the further eutrophication of water bodies. An increase in temperature promotes the growth of potentially toxic phytoplankton species and exacerbates the problem of green tides, the massive development of multicellular algae in the coastal zone. Organic substances coming from the catchment area during wet periods stimulate a microbial loop in aquatic ecosystems. In shallow lakes, climate fluctuations can cause changes in food webs and the ecological regime. Climate-induced changes in the composition of producer communities often weaken pelagic–benthic relationships in aquatic ecosystems. In some cases, climate changes have contributed to the invasions of alien species. The natural dynamics of ecosystems affected by climate fluctuations deserves close attention and requires the development of special adaptive management of aquatic biological resources. In some cases, it is necessary to take more severe measures for the protection and restoration of water bodies, which would take into account adverse changes in natural factors.

中文翻译：

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气候波动对大陆水域生态系统结构和功能的影响

摘要

气候波动是导致陆地和水生生态系统发生变化的最重要因素之一。这项审查考虑了气候变化对水体生态系统的结构和功能的影响的主要机制，并表明在制定保护水生生态系统生物资源的战略时有必要考虑这些机制。气候波动通过温度变化，营养物质和其他物质的表面径流及其比例，循环期间水混合的强度以及其他机制来影响水生生态系统。在雨季从集水区直接接收到的额外养分会刺激初级生产者的生长，并造成水体进一步富营养化的风险。温度的升高促进了潜在有毒浮游植物的生长，加剧了潮汐问题，即沿海地区多细胞藻类的大规模发展。雨季来自集水区的有机物质刺激了水生生态系统中的微生物循环。在浅水湖泊中，气候波动会导致食物网和生态系统的变化。气候引起的生产者社区组成的变化通常会削弱水生生态系统中的上层-底栖关系。在某些情况下，气候变化助长了外来物种的入侵。受气候波动影响的生态系统的自然动态值得密切关注，并需要发展对水生生物资源的特殊适应性管理。在某些情况下，