In this essay, some of the central issues concerning the legal phraseology of commercial contracts in the Geniza are discussed. These issues include not only questions about the text of these contracts themselves and the relationship of commercial contracts to Jewish and Islamic law but also what insights commercial contracts in the Geniza might offer social and economic historians into how both court practice and business were actually conducted in the medieval Islamic Mediterranean. Following this brief discussion are a transcription and a translation of an actual thirteenth-century business agreement.

中文翻译：

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商业合同方法论论文

在本文中，讨论了有关 Geniza 商业合同法律用语的一些核心问题。这些问题不仅包括关于这些合同本身的文本以及商业合同与犹太和伊斯兰法律的关系的问题，而且还包括 Geniza 中的商业合同可能为社会和经济历史学家提供哪些见解，以了解法院实践和商业实际上是如何进行的。中世纪的伊斯兰地中海。在这个简短的讨论之后是一份真实的 13 世纪商业协议的转录和翻译。