This essay explores eighth- and early ninth-century Frankish understandings and experiences of churches as holy spaces, arguing that myriad textual genres demonstrate the widespread Carolingian belief in churches as highly sacred spaces as well as the significant variations in the specifics and execution of that belief. The first part of the article details how Carolingian legislation worked to define, recognize, and maintain the sacred space of churches by insisting upon specific, respectful behaviors within them. The central portion of the article considers epistolary and hagiographical texts that describe and, at times, accept transgressions of these laws, including by an elite member of the Carolingian court. The article contends that not all misbehavior and misuse of churches defiled them; rather, inappropriate behaviors often highlighted or activated the sanctity of a space in a way that legislation could not. This essay, in triangulating Carolingian legislative, hagiographical, and epistolary texts, opens a window onto the views of the laity regarding churches as sacred spaces. Ultimately, it raises questions about the extent (and limits) of Frankish beliefs regarding spatial sacrality, the reach of the Carolingian reform efforts, and the nature of lay religiosity.

中文翻译：

---

“我的圣殿应该是一座祈祷之家”：加洛林教堂的使用和误用

这篇文章探讨了 8 世纪和 9 世纪早期法兰克人对作为圣地的教堂的理解和经验，认为无数的文本类型表明了加洛林人普遍认为教堂是高度神圣的空间，以及该信仰的具体细节和执行方式的显着差异. 文章的第一部分详细介绍了加洛林立法如何通过坚持教会内部的具体、尊重行为来定义、承认和维护教会的神圣空间。文章的中心部分考虑了描述并有时接受违反这些法律的书信和圣徒文字，包括加洛林宫廷的精英成员。这篇文章认为，并非所有的不当行为和滥用教会都玷污了他们；相当，不当行为通常以立法无法做到的方式突出或激活空间的神圣性。这篇文章对加洛林的立法、圣徒和书信文本进行了三角剖分，为平信徒将教堂视为神圣空间的观点打开了一扇窗。最终，它提出了关于法兰克人关于空间圣礼的信仰的范围（和限制）、加洛林改革努力的范围以及非专业宗教信仰的性质的问题。