Reviews of Māori land generally focus on how the 80% identified as “under-performing” or “under-utilised” can be more productive. This article analyses the 20% of Māori Land Incorporations and Trusts classified as “high-performing” to identify what enabled their success, but to also determine any remaining constraints. It uses thematic analysis to both refine themes initially obtained during a literature review and examine the interviews. The five key themes explored are legal framework (whakaritenga), finance (huamoni), capability (matatau), relationships (whakawhānaungatanga), and paths to market (whakatairanga). While many of the findings corroborate industry best practice, it also found provisional evidence of the role of whakapapa networks—that is, formal or informal Māori collectives—in the success of Māori Land Incorporations and Trusts.

中文翻译：

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毛利农业综合企业：成功的华卡帕帕网络

对毛利人土地的评论通常着重于如何确定80％的“表现不佳”或“利用不足”如何提高生产力。本文分析了20％被归类为“高绩效”的毛利人土地注册公司和信托公司，以找出促成其成功的因素，同时也确定任何剩余的制约因素。它使用主题分析来完善最初在文献综述中获得的主题并检查访谈。探索的五个关键主题是法律框架（whakaritenga），金融（huamoni），能力（matatau），关系（whakawhānaungatanga）和市场路径（whakatairanga）。尽管许多发现证实了行业的最佳实践，但它也发现了华卡帕帕网络（即正式或非正式的毛利人集体）在毛利人土地合并和信托公司成功中的作用的临时证据。