Consumers increasingly use a second screen (computer, smartphone, and tablet) to virtually engage with each other through social networks as they watch television. This 2 × 3 experiment addresses a gap in framing research by testing the effects of institutional and social media as competing partisan frames during a presidential debate excerpt. Findings show peer-generated social media frames exerted stronger effects on subjects’ opinions of the candidates’ performance than institutional frames. Some subjects showed an apparent “backlash effect” when simultaneously exposed to social media and institutional frames that ran counter to their existing schemas.

中文翻译：

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双重视觉

消费者在看电视时越来越多地使用第二个屏幕（计算机、智能手机和平板电脑）通过社交网络进行虚拟互动。这个 2 × 3 实验通过在总统辩论摘录期间测试机构和社交媒体作为竞争性党派框架的影响来解决框架研究中的空白。结果表明，与机构框架相比，同伴生成的社交媒体框架对受试者对候选人表现的看法产生了更大的影响。当同时暴露于与其现有模式背道而驰的社交媒体和制度框架时，一些受试者表现出明显的“反弹效应”。