Abstract Since 2011, numerous peace initiatives have been initiated out by several actors to end the Syrian civil war in a peaceful way. This article presents the “Astana Peace Process” brokered by Russia, Turkey, and Iran in early 2017 as a case study of a mediation and examines its predecessors to understand the reasons for the failures of those attempts and develops an assessment of the Astana peace process itself. To gain a better understanding of the Astana peace process, this article incorporates the efforts of main actors, their approaches, and the context of the war. In doing so, the article begins by describing the background of the civil war and then uses traditional concepts in mediation theory to elucidate the limitations of the unsuccessful attempts. Next, it investigates how the Astana peace process was different and the driving factors that encouraged the states to engage in this process and argues that Astana peace process’s overall effectiveness is likely to remain limited due to the conflicting interests of the mediators.

中文翻译：

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评估叙利亚的阿斯塔纳和平进程：参与者、方法和差异

摘要 自 2011 年以来，一些行动者发起了许多和平倡议，以和平方式结束叙利亚内战。本文将 2017 年初由俄罗斯、土耳其和伊朗促成的“阿斯塔纳和平进程”作为调解案例研究，并检查其前身以了解这些尝试失败的原因，并对阿斯塔纳和平进程进行评估本身。为了更好地了解阿斯塔纳和平进程，本文结合了主要参与者的努力、他们的方法以及战争背景。为此，文章首先描述了内战的背景，然后使用调解理论中的传统概念来阐明未成功尝试的局限性。下一个，