The purpose of this article is to examine the regional and inter-Mediterranean deployment of the Hospitallers in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and their use of port towns along the Mediterranean shores. These ports were essential for the communication between the Order’s headquarters in Jerusalem, and later in Acre, and its commanderies, for the shipment of goods and manpower, and for the Order’s involvement in regional and trans-Mediterranean trade. The article also examines changes made in the Order’s organisational structure, which resulted from the increasing dependence of the Hospitallers on a fleet. These are significant changes; they would eventually create the tools that enabled the Hospitallers to become a ‘maritime’ orientated Military Order, taking a leading role in the defence of the Eastern Mediterranean.

中文翻译：

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医院人：从陆地到海洋——对十二、十三世纪医院人海军活动的考察

本文的目的是研究 12 和 13 世纪 Hospitallers 的区域和跨地中海部署以及他们对地中海沿岸港口城镇的使用。这些港口对于骑士团在耶路撒冷和后来在阿卡的总部与其各郡之间的通信、货物和人力运输以及骑士团参与区域和跨地中海贸易至关重要。这篇文章还研究了骑士团组织结构的变化，这是由于医院骑士团对舰队的依赖越来越大。这些都是重大的变化；他们最终会创造工具，使医院骑士团成为一个以“海上”为导向的军事组织，在东地中海的防御中发挥主导作用。