Walking is one of the most sustainable and healthy forms of everyday travel over short distances, but pedestrianism has declined substantially in almost all countries over the past century. This paper uses a combination of personal testimonies and government reports to examine how the spaces through which people travel have changed over time, to chart the impacts that such changes have had on pedestrian mobility, and to consider the shifts that are necessary to revitalise walking as a common form of everyday travel. In the nineteenth century, most urban spaces were not especially conducive to walking, but many people did walk as they had little alternative and the sheer number of pedestrians meant that they could dominate urban space. In the twentieth century successive planning decisions have reshaped cities making walking appear both harder and riskier. Motorised transport has been normalised and pedestrianism marginalised. Only radical change will reverse this.

中文翻译：

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步行空间：自c以来改变英国的步行习惯。1850

步行是最可持续和最健康的日常短距离出行方式之一，但在过去的一个世纪里，几乎所有国家的步行者数量都大幅下降。本文结合个人证词和政府报告来研究人们出行的空间是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，描绘出这些变化对行人流动性的影响，并考虑了振兴步行所必需的转变日常旅行的一种常见形式。在 19 世纪，大多数城市空间都不是特别适合步行，但许多人确实步行，因为他们别无选择，而行人的绝对数量意味着他们可以主宰城市空间。在 20 世纪，连续的规划决策重塑了城市，使步行显得既困难又危险。机动交通已正常化，行人被边缘化。只有彻底的改变才能扭转这种局面。