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The sociotechnical roots of smart mobility: Bike sharing since 1965
The Journal of Transport History Pub Date : 2020-03-12 , DOI: 10.1177/0022526620908264
Jan Ploeger 1 , Ruth Oldenziel 1
Affiliation  

The search for “smart” or Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based mobility solutions goes back to at least the 1960s. The Provo anarchist Luud Schimmelpennink is well-known for designing mobility solutions and for being the driving force behind the 1965 “white-bike” experience. Less known is his 1968 project for shared electric cars (“Witkar”), which laid the foundations for the ICT-based bicycle sharing systems as we know today. By combining his talent for innovation with activism, he created a socially embedded design that could be part of the public transit system. Based on primary sources, we argue that these sociotechnical experiences paved the way for today’s mainstream bicycle sharing projects worldwide. We then show how since the 1990s, the Dutch railroad’s public transit bicycle (OV-fiets) has transformed Schimmelpennink’s original anarchist idea of bike sharing into a sustainable public transit system – a feat that has eluded other programmes worldwide: the integration of the bicycle’s share in a door-to-door experience.

中文翻译:

智能出行的社会技术根源:自 1965 年以来的自行车共享

对“智能”或基于信息和通信技术 (ICT) 的移动解决方案的探索至少可以追溯到 1960 年代。Provo 无政府主义者 Luud Schimmelpennink 以设计移动解决方案和成为 1965 年“白色自行车”体验背后的推动力而闻名。鲜为人知的是他 1968 年的共享电动汽车(“Witkar”)项目,它为我们今天所知的基于 ICT 的自行车共享系统奠定了基础。通过将他的创新才能与激进主义相结合,他创造了一种社会嵌入设计,可以成为公共交通系统的一部分。根据主要来源,我们认为这些社会技术经验为当今全球主流的自行车共享项目铺平了道路。然后我们展示了自 1990 年代以来,
更新日期:2020-03-12
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