One of the major spheres in which the communal divide in India especially in the north has manifested itself is that of language, around the controversy over Hindi and Urdu. It raged in colonial Punjab as well, despite the fact that neither language was spoken over the larger part of it. In a sense, therefore, it was imported from the then North-Western Provinces (now UP), where the original dialect had given rise to a common language (Khari Boli, Hindustani) with two scripts, around which Hindi and Urdu came to be created as literary languages. Though Urdu remained in colonial times the main print and school language in pre-1947 Punjab, the language controversy continued to play a communally divisive role. In Punjab, the Arya Samaj was the main torchbearer for Hindi, with even nationalists like Lala Lajpat Rai in its camp.

中文翻译：

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晚期殖民旁遮普邦的“印度语－印度语”话语

围绕印地语和乌尔都语的争议，印度，特别是北部，出现了社会鸿沟的主要领域之一就是语言领域。尽管在该地区的大部分地区都没有说过一种语言，但它在旁遮普邦的殖民地也肆虐。因此，从某种意义上讲，它是从当时的西北省（现为UP）进口的，当时的原始方言产生了两种语言的共同语言（哈里·勃利，印度斯坦语），印地语和乌尔都语围绕这两种语言创建为文学语言。尽管乌尔都语在1947年前的旁遮普邦仍然是殖民时期的主要印刷语言和学校语言，但语言争议继续在社区中造成分歧。在旁遮普邦，Arya Samaj是印地语的主要火炬手，甚至包括Lala Lajpat Rai这样的民族主义者都在营地。