The published volume of the Dufferin enquiries (1888) reproduces the district reports in the case of only one province, namely the North-Western Provinces and Oudh (now Uttar Pradesh). From this volume, whose copies have become very rare, much information can be obtained about how rural credit was organised at the time. This article extracts information on this subject from three detailed reports based on actual information obtained from the debtors and some moneylenders. Interest rates as high as 37.5 per cent per annum prevailed, except in the forested areas where low rents seem to have brought down the interest rates. It also turns out that usury was a profession which zamindars and other relatively prosperous rural strata, including upper peasants and successful artisans, could also take to, though the central figure remained the village ‘banya’.

中文翻译：

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农村放债人，1888年：达弗林报告（向上西部）

Dufferin查询（1888年）的已出版量再现了仅一个省（即西北省和Oudh（现为北方邦））的地区报告。从这本非常稀少的书中，可以获得有关当时农村信用组织方式的许多信息。本文根据从债务人和一些放债人那里获得的实际信息，从三个详细的报告中提取了有关此主题的信息。每年的最高利率高达37.5％，除了在森林地区，低租金似乎降低了利率。事实证明，高利贷是扎敏达人和其他相对繁荣的农村阶层（包括上层农民和成功的工匠）也可以从事的职业，